Research Article
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Social Appearance Anxiety and Mindful Eating in Nursing Students

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 307 - 315, 21.06.2023

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between social appearance anxiety and mindful eating in nursing students, as well as the factors affecting them.
Material and Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with nursing students (n=479) at a university, located in the West Region of Turkiye, between September and December in 2019. The data were collected using the Sociodemographic Information Form, the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), and the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ).
Results: Female participants had significantly higher emotional eating, consciousness and mindfulness subscale scores than male participants. Total SAAS scores of students with overweight or obesity were statistically higher and mean scores of disinhibition and eating control subscales of MEQ were statistically lower than others (p<0.05). Those who think they were overweight/obese had the highest SAAS score and lowest MEQ score (p<0.05). Mindful eating was inversely related to the social appearance anxiety. Regression model showed that nursing students with high SAAS scores also had low MEQ scores.
Conclusion: The links between nursing students' eating behavior and social appearance anxiety should be comprehensively addressed. Interventions targeted to gain healthy eating habits and stress reduction may require collaboration with other disciplines and will help nursing students to promote health.

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects department of Pamukkale University

Project Number

2019KRM004-190

References

  • Tayfur SN, Evrensel A. Investigation of the relationships between eating attitudes, body image and depression among Turkish university students. Riv. Psichiatr 2020;55(2):90-7.
  • Çelik S, Ugur BA, Aykurt FA. Eating attitudes and related factors in Turkish nursing students. Nurs. Midwifery Stud 2015;4(2):e25479.
  • Alkazemi D, Zafar TA, Ebrahim M, Kubow S. Distorted weight perception correlates with disordered eating attitudes in Kuwaiti college women. Int J Eat Disord 2018;51(5):449–58.
  • Ammar F. A study on factors inducing stress among students in nursing college. IJSOC 2021;3(1):121-25.
  • Rabei S, Mourad G, Hamed AED. Work stress and sleep disturbances among internship nursing students. Middle East Curr. Psychiatry 2020;27(24):1-6.
  • Işık K, Cengiz Z. The effect of socio demographic characteristics of university students on emotional eating behavior. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021;57:214–18.
  • Webb JB, Rogers CB, Etzel L, Padro MP. “Mom, quit fat talking—I’m trying to eat (mindfully) here!”: Evaluating a sociocultural model of family fat talk, positive body image, and mindful eating in college women. Appetite 2018;126:169–75.
  • Giannopoulou I, Kotopoulea-Nikolaidi M, Daskou S, Martyn K, Patel A. Mindfulness in eating is inversely related to binge eating and mood disturbances in university students in health-related disciplines. Nutrients 2020;12(396):1-11.
  • Levinson CA, Rodebaugh TL, White EK, Menatti AR, Weeks JW, Iacovino JM, et al. Social appearance anxiety, perfectionism, and fear of negative evaluation: Distinct or shared risk factors for social anxiety and eating disorders? Appetite 2013;67:125–33.
  • Hart TA, Flora DB, Palyo SA, Fresco DM, Holle C, Heimberg RG. Development and examination of the social appearance anxiety scale. Assessment 2008;15(1):48–59.
  • Levinson CA, Rodebaugh TL. Clarifying the prospective relationships between social anxiety and eating disorder symptoms and underlying vulnerabilities. Appetite, 2016;107:38–46.
  • Titchener K, Wong QJJ. A weighty issue: Explaining the association between body mass index and appearance-based social anxiety. Eat. Behav, 2015;16:13–16.
  • Essa HAE-GE, Abo-Elyazeed SM, Hassan LAA. Eating disorders among female university students and its' relation with their body attitudes and mindful eating. Tanta Med. J, 2020;19 (1):8-32.
  • Kılıç M, Karakuş Ö. The study of the relationships between social appearance anxiety, self-esteem and loneliness level among university students. J. Hum. Sci, 2016;13(3):3837–852.
  • Gunnell K, Mosewich A, McEwen C, Eklund RC, Crocker PRE. Don’t be so hard on yourself! Changes in selfcompassion during the first year of university are associated with changes in wellbeing. Pers. Individ. Differ, 2017;107(1):43–48.
  • Kabat-Zinn J. Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. 15th ed. New York: Delta Trade Paperbacks; c2005. 471 p.
  • Köse G, Tayfur M, Birincioglu I, Donmez A. Adaptation study of the Mindful Eating Questionnare (MEQ) into Turkish. JCBPR, 2016;3(27):125– 34.
  • Stanszus LS, Frank P, Geiger SM. Healthy eating and sustainable nutrition through mindfulness? Mixed method results of a controlled intervention study. Appetite, 2019;141:104325.
  • Lyzwinski LN, Caffery L, Bambling M, Edirippulige S. Relationship between mindfulness, weight, and weight-related behaviors in college students: A systematic review. Altern Complement Ther, 2018;24:202- 14.
  • Köse G, Tayfur M. BMI, physical activity, sleep quality, eating attitudes, emotions: Which one is affected by mindful eating? Prog. Nutr, 2021;23(1):1-11.
  • Sanlier N, Pehlivan M, Sabuncular G, Bakan S, Isguzar Y. Determining the relationship between body mass index, healthy lifestyle behaviors and social appearance anxiety. Ecol Food Nutr, 2018;57(2):124–39.
  • World Health Organization. A healthy lifestyle - WHO recommendations [homepage on the Internet]. c2010 [updated 2010 May 06; cited 2022 July 9]. Available from A healthy lifestyle - WHO recommendations.
  • Doğan T. Adaptation of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) to Turkish: A validity and reliability study. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Derg 2010;39:151–59.
  • Framson C, Kristal AR, Schenk JM, Littman AJ, Zeliadt S, Benitez D. Development and validation of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire. J Am Diet Assoc 2009;109(8):1439–444.
  • Şimşir Z, Seki T, Dilmaç B. Gender differences in social appearance anxiety: A meta-analysis study. JSR, 2019;10(17):615–37.
  • Özkan N, Bilici S. Are anthropometric measurements an indicator of intuitive and mindful eating? Eat Weight Disord, 2021;26:639-48.
  • Köse G, Çıplak ME. Does mindful eating have a relationship with gender body mass index and health promoting lifestyle? Prog. Nutr, 2019;22(2):1-8.
  • Köse G. Çıplak ME. Mindful eating questionnaired: eating control, emotional eating and conscious nutrition trio. Prog. Nutr, 2020; 22(2):1-7
  • Ahmad S, Sidek S, Hamirudin AH, Mohd Abu Bakar WA, Unal TI. Mindful eating practice predicts lower body mass index among university students. Pakistan J Nutr, 2019;18(10):977–82.
  • Pintado-Cucarella S, Rodríguez-Salgado P. Mindful eating and its relationship with body mass index, binge eating, anxiety and negative affect. JBHSI 2016;8(2):19–24.
  • Adams KE, Tyler JM, Calogero R, Le J. Exploring the relationship between appearance-contingentself-worth and self-esteem: The roles of self-objectification and appearance anxiety. Body Image, 2017;23:176–82.
  • Moya-Garófano A, Moya M. Focusing on one’s own appearance leads to body shame in women butnot men: The mediating role of body surveillance andappearance-contingent self-worth. Body Image, 2019;29:58–64.
  • Spoor KD, Madanat H. Relationship Between Body Image Discrepancy and Intuitive Eating. Int Q Community Health Educ, 2016;36(3):189–197.
  • Coker Ross C. The emotional eating workbook: A proven-effective, step-by-step guide to end your battle with food and satisfy your soul, Canada: New Harbinger Publications; 2016.122-137 p.
  • Jáuregui-Lobera I, Montes-Martínez M. Emotional eating and obesity. Eds. Jáuregui-Lobera I, Psychosom Med London: IntechOpen; 2020. 1-8 p.
  • Tomiyama AJ, Dallman MF, Epel ES. Comfort food is comforting to those most stressed: evidence of the chronic stress response network in high stress women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2011;36(10):1513- 1519.
  • Dallman MF, Akana SF, Laugero KD, Gomez F, Manalo S, Bell ME, Bhatnagar S. A spoonful of sugar: feedback signals of energy stores and corticosterone regulate responses to chronic stress. Physiol Behav, 2003;79(1):3-12.
  • Özkan N, Bilici S. New Approaches in Eating Behavior:Intuituve Eating and Mindful Eating. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018;3(2):16-24.
  • Mantzios M, Giannou K. A real-world application of short mindfulnessbased practices: A review and reflection of the literature and a practical proposition for an effortless mindful lifestyle. Am. J. Lifestyle Med, 2019;13(6):520–525.

Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı ve Yeme Farkındalığı

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 307 - 315, 21.06.2023

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı hemşirelik öğrencilerinde sosyal görünüş kaygısı ve farkındalıklı yeme arasındaki ilişkiyi ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı kesitsel araştırma, Eylül-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin batısında yer alan bir üniversitedeki hemşirelik öğrencileriyle yapılmıştır (n=479). Veriler Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği ve Yeme Farkındalığı Anketi kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Kadın katılımcıların duygusal yeme, bilinçli beslenme ve farkındalık alt ölçek puanları erkek katılımcılara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Fazla kilolu veya obezitesi olan öğrencilerin toplam sosyal görünüş kaygısı puanları istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek, yeme farkındalığı ölçeğinin disinhibisyon ve yeme kontrolü alt ölçeklerinin ortalama puanları diğerlerine göre istatistiksel olarak daha düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Fazla kilolu veya obezitesi olduğunu düşünenlerin sosyal görünüş kaygısı puanı en yüksek ve yeme farkındalığı puanı en düşük olarak belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Yeme farkındalığı ile sosyal görünüş kaygısı arasında negatif ilişki bulunmuştur. Regresyon modeli, sosyal görünüş kaygısı puanları yüksek olan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yeme farkındalığı puanlarının da düşük olduğunu göstermiştir.
Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonuçları, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yeme davranışı ve sosyal görünüş kaygısı arasındaki ilişkiyi kapsamlı bir şekilde anlamaları için bir referans olabilir. Disiplinlerarası işbirliği ile sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıkları kazandırmayı ve stresi azaltmayı hedefleyen girişimler, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sağlığını geliştirmelerine yardımcı olabilir.

Project Number

2019KRM004-190

References

  • Tayfur SN, Evrensel A. Investigation of the relationships between eating attitudes, body image and depression among Turkish university students. Riv. Psichiatr 2020;55(2):90-7.
  • Çelik S, Ugur BA, Aykurt FA. Eating attitudes and related factors in Turkish nursing students. Nurs. Midwifery Stud 2015;4(2):e25479.
  • Alkazemi D, Zafar TA, Ebrahim M, Kubow S. Distorted weight perception correlates with disordered eating attitudes in Kuwaiti college women. Int J Eat Disord 2018;51(5):449–58.
  • Ammar F. A study on factors inducing stress among students in nursing college. IJSOC 2021;3(1):121-25.
  • Rabei S, Mourad G, Hamed AED. Work stress and sleep disturbances among internship nursing students. Middle East Curr. Psychiatry 2020;27(24):1-6.
  • Işık K, Cengiz Z. The effect of socio demographic characteristics of university students on emotional eating behavior. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021;57:214–18.
  • Webb JB, Rogers CB, Etzel L, Padro MP. “Mom, quit fat talking—I’m trying to eat (mindfully) here!”: Evaluating a sociocultural model of family fat talk, positive body image, and mindful eating in college women. Appetite 2018;126:169–75.
  • Giannopoulou I, Kotopoulea-Nikolaidi M, Daskou S, Martyn K, Patel A. Mindfulness in eating is inversely related to binge eating and mood disturbances in university students in health-related disciplines. Nutrients 2020;12(396):1-11.
  • Levinson CA, Rodebaugh TL, White EK, Menatti AR, Weeks JW, Iacovino JM, et al. Social appearance anxiety, perfectionism, and fear of negative evaluation: Distinct or shared risk factors for social anxiety and eating disorders? Appetite 2013;67:125–33.
  • Hart TA, Flora DB, Palyo SA, Fresco DM, Holle C, Heimberg RG. Development and examination of the social appearance anxiety scale. Assessment 2008;15(1):48–59.
  • Levinson CA, Rodebaugh TL. Clarifying the prospective relationships between social anxiety and eating disorder symptoms and underlying vulnerabilities. Appetite, 2016;107:38–46.
  • Titchener K, Wong QJJ. A weighty issue: Explaining the association between body mass index and appearance-based social anxiety. Eat. Behav, 2015;16:13–16.
  • Essa HAE-GE, Abo-Elyazeed SM, Hassan LAA. Eating disorders among female university students and its' relation with their body attitudes and mindful eating. Tanta Med. J, 2020;19 (1):8-32.
  • Kılıç M, Karakuş Ö. The study of the relationships between social appearance anxiety, self-esteem and loneliness level among university students. J. Hum. Sci, 2016;13(3):3837–852.
  • Gunnell K, Mosewich A, McEwen C, Eklund RC, Crocker PRE. Don’t be so hard on yourself! Changes in selfcompassion during the first year of university are associated with changes in wellbeing. Pers. Individ. Differ, 2017;107(1):43–48.
  • Kabat-Zinn J. Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. 15th ed. New York: Delta Trade Paperbacks; c2005. 471 p.
  • Köse G, Tayfur M, Birincioglu I, Donmez A. Adaptation study of the Mindful Eating Questionnare (MEQ) into Turkish. JCBPR, 2016;3(27):125– 34.
  • Stanszus LS, Frank P, Geiger SM. Healthy eating and sustainable nutrition through mindfulness? Mixed method results of a controlled intervention study. Appetite, 2019;141:104325.
  • Lyzwinski LN, Caffery L, Bambling M, Edirippulige S. Relationship between mindfulness, weight, and weight-related behaviors in college students: A systematic review. Altern Complement Ther, 2018;24:202- 14.
  • Köse G, Tayfur M. BMI, physical activity, sleep quality, eating attitudes, emotions: Which one is affected by mindful eating? Prog. Nutr, 2021;23(1):1-11.
  • Sanlier N, Pehlivan M, Sabuncular G, Bakan S, Isguzar Y. Determining the relationship between body mass index, healthy lifestyle behaviors and social appearance anxiety. Ecol Food Nutr, 2018;57(2):124–39.
  • World Health Organization. A healthy lifestyle - WHO recommendations [homepage on the Internet]. c2010 [updated 2010 May 06; cited 2022 July 9]. Available from A healthy lifestyle - WHO recommendations.
  • Doğan T. Adaptation of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) to Turkish: A validity and reliability study. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Derg 2010;39:151–59.
  • Framson C, Kristal AR, Schenk JM, Littman AJ, Zeliadt S, Benitez D. Development and validation of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire. J Am Diet Assoc 2009;109(8):1439–444.
  • Şimşir Z, Seki T, Dilmaç B. Gender differences in social appearance anxiety: A meta-analysis study. JSR, 2019;10(17):615–37.
  • Özkan N, Bilici S. Are anthropometric measurements an indicator of intuitive and mindful eating? Eat Weight Disord, 2021;26:639-48.
  • Köse G, Çıplak ME. Does mindful eating have a relationship with gender body mass index and health promoting lifestyle? Prog. Nutr, 2019;22(2):1-8.
  • Köse G. Çıplak ME. Mindful eating questionnaired: eating control, emotional eating and conscious nutrition trio. Prog. Nutr, 2020; 22(2):1-7
  • Ahmad S, Sidek S, Hamirudin AH, Mohd Abu Bakar WA, Unal TI. Mindful eating practice predicts lower body mass index among university students. Pakistan J Nutr, 2019;18(10):977–82.
  • Pintado-Cucarella S, Rodríguez-Salgado P. Mindful eating and its relationship with body mass index, binge eating, anxiety and negative affect. JBHSI 2016;8(2):19–24.
  • Adams KE, Tyler JM, Calogero R, Le J. Exploring the relationship between appearance-contingentself-worth and self-esteem: The roles of self-objectification and appearance anxiety. Body Image, 2017;23:176–82.
  • Moya-Garófano A, Moya M. Focusing on one’s own appearance leads to body shame in women butnot men: The mediating role of body surveillance andappearance-contingent self-worth. Body Image, 2019;29:58–64.
  • Spoor KD, Madanat H. Relationship Between Body Image Discrepancy and Intuitive Eating. Int Q Community Health Educ, 2016;36(3):189–197.
  • Coker Ross C. The emotional eating workbook: A proven-effective, step-by-step guide to end your battle with food and satisfy your soul, Canada: New Harbinger Publications; 2016.122-137 p.
  • Jáuregui-Lobera I, Montes-Martínez M. Emotional eating and obesity. Eds. Jáuregui-Lobera I, Psychosom Med London: IntechOpen; 2020. 1-8 p.
  • Tomiyama AJ, Dallman MF, Epel ES. Comfort food is comforting to those most stressed: evidence of the chronic stress response network in high stress women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2011;36(10):1513- 1519.
  • Dallman MF, Akana SF, Laugero KD, Gomez F, Manalo S, Bell ME, Bhatnagar S. A spoonful of sugar: feedback signals of energy stores and corticosterone regulate responses to chronic stress. Physiol Behav, 2003;79(1):3-12.
  • Özkan N, Bilici S. New Approaches in Eating Behavior:Intuituve Eating and Mindful Eating. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018;3(2):16-24.
  • Mantzios M, Giannou K. A real-world application of short mindfulnessbased practices: A review and reflection of the literature and a practical proposition for an effortless mindful lifestyle. Am. J. Lifestyle Med, 2019;13(6):520–525.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Hatice Başkale 0000-0003-4811-2098

Bengü Çetinkaya 0000-0003-0216-8520

Ümran Demiral 0000-0003-0574-0270

Project Number 2019KRM004-190
Early Pub Date July 13, 2023
Publication Date June 21, 2023
Submission Date August 19, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Başkale, H., Çetinkaya, B., & Demiral, Ü. (2023). Social Appearance Anxiety and Mindful Eating in Nursing Students. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 307-315.
AMA Başkale H, Çetinkaya B, Demiral Ü. Social Appearance Anxiety and Mindful Eating in Nursing Students. İKÇÜSBFD. June 2023;8(2):307-315.
Chicago Başkale, Hatice, Bengü Çetinkaya, and Ümran Demiral. “Social Appearance Anxiety and Mindful Eating in Nursing Students”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 8, no. 2 (June 2023): 307-15.
EndNote Başkale H, Çetinkaya B, Demiral Ü (June 1, 2023) Social Appearance Anxiety and Mindful Eating in Nursing Students. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 8 2 307–315.
IEEE H. Başkale, B. Çetinkaya, and Ü. Demiral, “Social Appearance Anxiety and Mindful Eating in Nursing Students”, İKÇÜSBFD, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 307–315, 2023.
ISNAD Başkale, Hatice et al. “Social Appearance Anxiety and Mindful Eating in Nursing Students”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 8/2 (June 2023), 307-315.
JAMA Başkale H, Çetinkaya B, Demiral Ü. Social Appearance Anxiety and Mindful Eating in Nursing Students. İKÇÜSBFD. 2023;8:307–315.
MLA Başkale, Hatice et al. “Social Appearance Anxiety and Mindful Eating in Nursing Students”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2023, pp. 307-15.
Vancouver Başkale H, Çetinkaya B, Demiral Ü. Social Appearance Anxiety and Mindful Eating in Nursing Students. İKÇÜSBFD. 2023;8(2):307-15.



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