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An Alternative Process for Determining Erosion Risk: The Fuzzy Method

Year 2022, Issue: 44, 219 - 229, 08.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2022-1058416

Abstract

This study reveals the status of erosion risk, which is a very important soil and environmental problem, in Gaziantep in order to test the reliability of the fuzzy method. The study evaluates vegetation cover, lithological structure, slope, and precipitation as erosion indicators to determine the effectiveness of the frequently used analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Fuzzy methods at identifying erosion risk. A weight value was assigned to each parameter using both the AHP and fuzzy methods; afterwards, mapping and analysis were carried out in the program Geographic Information System (GIS). The compatibility of both methods has been provided by comparing the values at 100 geographic points that had been selected. In accordance with these results, the AHP and fuzzy methods were determined to be highly compatible with each other. When considering the evaluation obtained as a result of the methodological comparison, while values were observed to be very similar in the categories of medium and high erosion, the similarity rates decreased in the categories of low and very low erosion. As a result, the fuzzy method has been revealed to be able to be used exclusively for evaluating erosion risk in areas with semi-arid climate characteristics and to even be an effective tool for guiding actions at preventing erosion.

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References

  • Abuzaid, A. S., AbdelRahman , M. A., Fadl, M. E., & Scopa , A. (2021). Land Degradation Vulnerability Mapping in a Newly-Reclaimed Desert Oasis in a Hyper-Arid Agro-Ecosystem Using AHP and Geo-spatial Techniques. Agronomy, (11), 1-23. google scholar
  • Ai, L., Fang, N. F., Zhang, B., & Shi, Z. H. (2013). Broad area mapping of monthly soil erosion risk using fuzzy decision tree approach: in-tegration of multi-source data within GIS. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 27(6), 1251-1267. google scholar
  • Arabameri, A., Pradhan, B., Pourghasemi, H. R., Rezaei, K., & Kerle, N. (2018). Spatial Modelling of Gully Erosion Using GIS and R Programing: A Comparison among Three Data Mining Algorithms. Apllied Science, (8), 1-22. google scholar
  • Atalay, İ. (1974). Sultandağları’nda Toprak Erozyonu Araştırmaları. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 26, 48-72. google scholar
  • Aydınalp, C. (2000). Türkiye’nin Toprak Sorunları. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(1), 135-143. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/anadolu/issue/1780/21905. google scholar
  • Bahrami, H. A., Vaghei, H. G., Vaghei, B. G., Tahmasbipour, N., & Taliey-Tabari, F. (2005). A New Method for Determining the Soil Erodibility Factor Based on Fuzzy Systems. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. (7), 115-123. google scholar
  • Belloula, M., Dridi, H., & Kalla , M. (2020). Spatialization of water erosion using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method in the high valley of the Medjerda, eastern Algeria. Journal of Water and Land Development, 44(I-III), 19-25. google scholar
  • Benzer, N. (2010). Using the Geographical Information System and Re-mote Sensing Techniques for Soil Erosion Assessment. Polish J. of Environ. Stud., 19(5), 881-886. google scholar
  • Boroumandi, M., Khamehchiyan, M., & Nikoudel, M. R. (2015). Using of Analytic Hierarchy Process for Landslide Hazard Zonation in Zanjan Province, Iran. Engineering Geology for Society and Terri-tory, (2), 951-955. google scholar
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  • Chakraborty, R., Das, D., Barman, R. N., & Mandal, U. K. (2016). An-alytic Hierarchy Process and Multi-criteria decision-making Ap-proach for Selecting the Most Effective Soil Erosion Zone in Goma-ti River Basin. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 5(1), 595-600. google scholar
  • Chowdhury, S. R., & Tripathi, N. K. (2013). Coastal erosion and accre-tion in Pak Phanang, Thailand by GIS analysis of maps and satellite imagery. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 35(6), 739-748. google scholar
  • Çakılcı, C., & Öztürkoğlu, Y. (2020). Analysis of Sustainable E-Logis-tics Activities with Analytic Hierarchy Process. Journal of Business Research, 12(1), 489-497. google scholar
  • Çelebi, H. (2010). JEOLOJİK VE HIZLANDIRILMIŞ EROZYON SÜREÇLERİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3). Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunizfd/is-sue/2973/41184. google scholar
  • Dvorak J, N. L. ( 1994 ). Developments In Soil In: Chapter 2 Erosion of the soil. In: . vol 23, Amsterdam: Science Elsevier, pp 25-38. google scholar
  • Dubois, D., Prade, H. (1980). Fuzzy sets and systems: Theory and appli-cations. Academic Press, NewYork. google scholar
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  • Erpul, G , Saygın, S. (2012). Ülkemizde toprak erozyonu sorunu üzerine: Ne yapmalı? Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi, 1(1), 26-32. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tbbbd/ issue/22380/239620. google scholar
  • Fauzi, M., Suprayogi, I., Sutikno, S., Sandhyavitri, A., & Riyawan, E. (2017). Development of erosion risk map using fuzzy logic ap-proach. Sriwijaya International Conference on Engineering, Sci-ence and Technology (s. 1-5). Bangka Island, Indonesia: MATEC Web of Conferences. google scholar
  • Ganasri, B. P., & Ramesh, H. (2016). Assessment of soil erosion by RUSLE model using remote sensing and GIS - A case study of Ne-thravathi Basin. Geoscience Frontiers, (7), 953-961. google scholar
  • Independent Educational Consultants Association (IECA). (2021). 12. 20. 2021 tarihinde austieca.com: https://www.austieca.com.au/ adresinden alınmıştır. google scholar
  • Jabbar , M. T. (2003). Application of GIS to Estimate Soil Erosion Using RUSLE. Geo-spatial Information Science (Quarterly), 6(1), 34-37. google scholar
  • Kabo-bah, K. J., Guoan, T., Yang, X., Na, J., & Xiong, L. (2021). Ero-sion potential mapping using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fractal dimension. Heliyoın, 7(6), 1-7. google scholar
  • Meade, R. H., Nordin, C. F. Jr., Curtis, W. F., Rodrigues, F. M. C., Vale, C. M. do and Edmond, J. M. (1979). Sediments Loads in Amazon River. Nature, 278, 162-164. google scholar
  • Mitasova, H., Barton, M., Ullah, I., Hofierka, J., & Harmon, R. S. (2013). GIS-based soil erosion modeling. J. F. Shroder, & M. P. Bishop içinde, Treatise on Geomorphology (s. 228-258). San Di-ego: Academic Press. google scholar
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (2021). Tur-key Experiences Intense Drought. NASA: https://earthobservatory. nasa.gov/images/147811/turkey-experiences-intense-drought adresinden alınmıştır. google scholar
  • Neji, N., Ben Ayed, R., & Abida, H. (2021). Water erosion hazard map-ping using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy logic mod-eling: a case study of the Chaffar Watershed (Southeastern Tunisia). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, (14), 1-15. google scholar
  • Ojo, O. I., Olawoyin, A. A., Akinyemi, M. O., & Omidiora, E. O. (2015). Performance Evaluation of a Developed Fuzzy-Based Model for Predicting Soil Degradation. Journal of Environment and Earth Sci-ence, 5(21), 78-90. google scholar
  • Osman, K. T. (2013). Forest Soils: Properties and Management Softcov-er of the original 1st ed. 2013 Edition. Springer Internatinal Publish-ing Switzerland. google scholar
  • Sarjono, H., Seik, O., Defan, J., & Simamora, B. H. (2020). Analytical Hierarchy Process (Ahp) In Manufacturing And Non-Manufactur-ing Industries: A Systematic Literature Review. Sys Rev Pharm, 11(11), 158- 170. google scholar
  • Schmidt, K., Babac, A., Pauer, F., Damm, K., & von der Schulenburg, J.-M. (2016). Measuring patients’ priorities using the Analytic Hier-archy Process in comparison with Best-Worst-Scaling and rating cards: methodological aspects and ranking tasks. Health Economics Review, (6), 1-11. google scholar
  • Shadmaan, S., & Ibne Islam, A. (2021). Estimation of earthquake vul-nerability by using analytical hierarchy proces. Natural Hazard Re-search, 1(4), 1-24. google scholar
  • Sönmez, M. E. (2012). Yerleşme Yeri Seçimi ve Alansal Gelişimi Bakımından Gaziantep Şehri, Özserhat Yayıncılık, Malatya. google scholar
  • Sönmez, M. E., Çelik, M. A., Seven, M. (2013). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ve Uzaktan Algılama Yardımıyla Kilis Merkez İlçesinin Erozyon Risk Alanlarının Belirlenmesi. Kahramanmaraş: KSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / KSU Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1). google scholar
  • Şahin, M., & Yurdugül, H. (2018). A Content Analysis Study on the Use of Analytic Hierarchy Process in Educational Studies. Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 9(4), 376-392. google scholar
  • Tairi, A., Elmouden, A., & Aboulouafa, M. (2019). Soil Erosion Risk Mapping Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geo-graphic Information System in the Tifnout-Askaoun Watershed, Southern Morocco. European Scientific Journal, 15(30), 338-356. google scholar
  • Turkish Foundation for Combatting Soil Erosion (TEMA). (2021). 12. 20. 2021 tarihinde tema.org.tr: https://www.tema.org.tr/anasayfa adresinden alınmıştır. google scholar
  • United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). (2017). Scientific Conceptual Framework For Land Degradation Neutrality A Report Of The Science-Policy Interface. Bonn, Germa-ny www.unccd.int/sites/default/files/documents/2019-06/LDN_ CF_report_web-english.pdf. google scholar
  • Vulevic, T., Dragovic, N., Kostadinov, S., Belanovic Simic, S., & Milo-vanovic, I. (2015). Prioritization of Soil Erosion Vulnerable Areas Using Multi-Criteria Analysis Methods. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol, 24(1), 317- 323. google scholar
  • Zadeh, L. (1965). Fuzzy Sets. Inform and Control, 8, 338-353. google scholar
  • Wei, W., Sheming, C., Lin, Z., Lishan, M., Rui, C., & Futian, L. (2020). Research on the Sensitivity Assessment of Soil Erosion by AHP Method: A Case Study in the Northeast of Ordos Basin. ICAEER 2020 (s. 1-4). Shanghai, China: ICAEER. google scholar

An Alternative Process for Determining Erosion Risk: The Fuzzy Method

Year 2022, Issue: 44, 219 - 229, 08.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2022-1058416

Abstract

Çalışmada Bulanı metodunun güvenilirliğini test etmek amacıyla çok önemli bir toprak ve çevre sorunu olan erozyonun Gaziantep şehrindeki risk durumu ortaya konulmuştur. Erozyon göstergeleri olarak bitki örtüsü, litolojik yapı, eğim ve yağış parametrelerinin değerlendirildiği çalışmada erozyon riskinin belirlenmesinde sıkça kullanılan Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) ile Bulanık metodu bir arada kullanılmıştır. Saha içerisinde her parametreye AHP ve Bulanık yöntemleri ile bir ağırlık değeri atanmış ve daha sonra Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ortamında haritalama ve analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Seçilen 100 noktanın AHP ve Bulanık’taki değerleri karşılaştırılarak her iki yöntemin uyumluluk durumu ortaya konulmuştur. Buna göre AHP ile BULANIK metodun yüksek oranda birbiri ile uyum gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla Gaziantep gibi yarı kurak iklim özelliklerine sahip alanlarda erozyon risk durumunun değerlendirilmesinde BULANIK metodunun tek başına kullanılmasında bir sakınca olmadığı, hatta erozyon koruyucu eylemlere rehberlik etmek için etkili bir araç olabileceği ortaya konulmuştur.

Project Number

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References

  • Abuzaid, A. S., AbdelRahman , M. A., Fadl, M. E., & Scopa , A. (2021). Land Degradation Vulnerability Mapping in a Newly-Reclaimed Desert Oasis in a Hyper-Arid Agro-Ecosystem Using AHP and Geo-spatial Techniques. Agronomy, (11), 1-23. google scholar
  • Ai, L., Fang, N. F., Zhang, B., & Shi, Z. H. (2013). Broad area mapping of monthly soil erosion risk using fuzzy decision tree approach: in-tegration of multi-source data within GIS. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 27(6), 1251-1267. google scholar
  • Arabameri, A., Pradhan, B., Pourghasemi, H. R., Rezaei, K., & Kerle, N. (2018). Spatial Modelling of Gully Erosion Using GIS and R Programing: A Comparison among Three Data Mining Algorithms. Apllied Science, (8), 1-22. google scholar
  • Atalay, İ. (1974). Sultandağları’nda Toprak Erozyonu Araştırmaları. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 26, 48-72. google scholar
  • Aydınalp, C. (2000). Türkiye’nin Toprak Sorunları. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(1), 135-143. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/anadolu/issue/1780/21905. google scholar
  • Bahrami, H. A., Vaghei, H. G., Vaghei, B. G., Tahmasbipour, N., & Taliey-Tabari, F. (2005). A New Method for Determining the Soil Erodibility Factor Based on Fuzzy Systems. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. (7), 115-123. google scholar
  • Belloula, M., Dridi, H., & Kalla , M. (2020). Spatialization of water erosion using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method in the high valley of the Medjerda, eastern Algeria. Journal of Water and Land Development, 44(I-III), 19-25. google scholar
  • Benzer, N. (2010). Using the Geographical Information System and Re-mote Sensing Techniques for Soil Erosion Assessment. Polish J. of Environ. Stud., 19(5), 881-886. google scholar
  • Boroumandi, M., Khamehchiyan, M., & Nikoudel, M. R. (2015). Using of Analytic Hierarchy Process for Landslide Hazard Zonation in Zanjan Province, Iran. Engineering Geology for Society and Terri-tory, (2), 951-955. google scholar
  • Britannica. (2022). Britannica. 06. 25. 2022 tarihinde britannica. com:https://www.britannica.com/science/Mediterranean-climate adresinden alınmıştır. google scholar
  • Chakraborty, R., Das, D., Barman, R. N., & Mandal, U. K. (2016). An-alytic Hierarchy Process and Multi-criteria decision-making Ap-proach for Selecting the Most Effective Soil Erosion Zone in Goma-ti River Basin. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 5(1), 595-600. google scholar
  • Chowdhury, S. R., & Tripathi, N. K. (2013). Coastal erosion and accre-tion in Pak Phanang, Thailand by GIS analysis of maps and satellite imagery. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 35(6), 739-748. google scholar
  • Çakılcı, C., & Öztürkoğlu, Y. (2020). Analysis of Sustainable E-Logis-tics Activities with Analytic Hierarchy Process. Journal of Business Research, 12(1), 489-497. google scholar
  • Çelebi, H. (2010). JEOLOJİK VE HIZLANDIRILMIŞ EROZYON SÜREÇLERİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3). Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunizfd/is-sue/2973/41184. google scholar
  • Dvorak J, N. L. ( 1994 ). Developments In Soil In: Chapter 2 Erosion of the soil. In: . vol 23, Amsterdam: Science Elsevier, pp 25-38. google scholar
  • Dubois, D., Prade, H. (1980). Fuzzy sets and systems: Theory and appli-cations. Academic Press, NewYork. google scholar
  • earthworm. (2021, 01 01). earthworm. 12 20, 2021 tarihinde https://www. earthworm.org: https://www.earthworm.org/ adresinden alındı. google scholar
  • Erpul, G , Saygın, S. (2012). Ülkemizde toprak erozyonu sorunu üzerine: Ne yapmalı? Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi, 1(1), 26-32. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tbbbd/ issue/22380/239620. google scholar
  • Fauzi, M., Suprayogi, I., Sutikno, S., Sandhyavitri, A., & Riyawan, E. (2017). Development of erosion risk map using fuzzy logic ap-proach. Sriwijaya International Conference on Engineering, Sci-ence and Technology (s. 1-5). Bangka Island, Indonesia: MATEC Web of Conferences. google scholar
  • Ganasri, B. P., & Ramesh, H. (2016). Assessment of soil erosion by RUSLE model using remote sensing and GIS - A case study of Ne-thravathi Basin. Geoscience Frontiers, (7), 953-961. google scholar
  • Independent Educational Consultants Association (IECA). (2021). 12. 20. 2021 tarihinde austieca.com: https://www.austieca.com.au/ adresinden alınmıştır. google scholar
  • Jabbar , M. T. (2003). Application of GIS to Estimate Soil Erosion Using RUSLE. Geo-spatial Information Science (Quarterly), 6(1), 34-37. google scholar
  • Kabo-bah, K. J., Guoan, T., Yang, X., Na, J., & Xiong, L. (2021). Ero-sion potential mapping using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fractal dimension. Heliyoın, 7(6), 1-7. google scholar
  • Meade, R. H., Nordin, C. F. Jr., Curtis, W. F., Rodrigues, F. M. C., Vale, C. M. do and Edmond, J. M. (1979). Sediments Loads in Amazon River. Nature, 278, 162-164. google scholar
  • Mitasova, H., Barton, M., Ullah, I., Hofierka, J., & Harmon, R. S. (2013). GIS-based soil erosion modeling. J. F. Shroder, & M. P. Bishop içinde, Treatise on Geomorphology (s. 228-258). San Di-ego: Academic Press. google scholar
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (2021). Tur-key Experiences Intense Drought. NASA: https://earthobservatory. nasa.gov/images/147811/turkey-experiences-intense-drought adresinden alınmıştır. google scholar
  • Neji, N., Ben Ayed, R., & Abida, H. (2021). Water erosion hazard map-ping using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy logic mod-eling: a case study of the Chaffar Watershed (Southeastern Tunisia). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, (14), 1-15. google scholar
  • Ojo, O. I., Olawoyin, A. A., Akinyemi, M. O., & Omidiora, E. O. (2015). Performance Evaluation of a Developed Fuzzy-Based Model for Predicting Soil Degradation. Journal of Environment and Earth Sci-ence, 5(21), 78-90. google scholar
  • Osman, K. T. (2013). Forest Soils: Properties and Management Softcov-er of the original 1st ed. 2013 Edition. Springer Internatinal Publish-ing Switzerland. google scholar
  • Sarjono, H., Seik, O., Defan, J., & Simamora, B. H. (2020). Analytical Hierarchy Process (Ahp) In Manufacturing And Non-Manufactur-ing Industries: A Systematic Literature Review. Sys Rev Pharm, 11(11), 158- 170. google scholar
  • Schmidt, K., Babac, A., Pauer, F., Damm, K., & von der Schulenburg, J.-M. (2016). Measuring patients’ priorities using the Analytic Hier-archy Process in comparison with Best-Worst-Scaling and rating cards: methodological aspects and ranking tasks. Health Economics Review, (6), 1-11. google scholar
  • Shadmaan, S., & Ibne Islam, A. (2021). Estimation of earthquake vul-nerability by using analytical hierarchy proces. Natural Hazard Re-search, 1(4), 1-24. google scholar
  • Sönmez, M. E. (2012). Yerleşme Yeri Seçimi ve Alansal Gelişimi Bakımından Gaziantep Şehri, Özserhat Yayıncılık, Malatya. google scholar
  • Sönmez, M. E., Çelik, M. A., Seven, M. (2013). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ve Uzaktan Algılama Yardımıyla Kilis Merkez İlçesinin Erozyon Risk Alanlarının Belirlenmesi. Kahramanmaraş: KSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / KSU Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1). google scholar
  • Şahin, M., & Yurdugül, H. (2018). A Content Analysis Study on the Use of Analytic Hierarchy Process in Educational Studies. Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 9(4), 376-392. google scholar
  • Tairi, A., Elmouden, A., & Aboulouafa, M. (2019). Soil Erosion Risk Mapping Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geo-graphic Information System in the Tifnout-Askaoun Watershed, Southern Morocco. European Scientific Journal, 15(30), 338-356. google scholar
  • Turkish Foundation for Combatting Soil Erosion (TEMA). (2021). 12. 20. 2021 tarihinde tema.org.tr: https://www.tema.org.tr/anasayfa adresinden alınmıştır. google scholar
  • United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). (2017). Scientific Conceptual Framework For Land Degradation Neutrality A Report Of The Science-Policy Interface. Bonn, Germa-ny www.unccd.int/sites/default/files/documents/2019-06/LDN_ CF_report_web-english.pdf. google scholar
  • Vulevic, T., Dragovic, N., Kostadinov, S., Belanovic Simic, S., & Milo-vanovic, I. (2015). Prioritization of Soil Erosion Vulnerable Areas Using Multi-Criteria Analysis Methods. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol, 24(1), 317- 323. google scholar
  • Zadeh, L. (1965). Fuzzy Sets. Inform and Control, 8, 338-353. google scholar
  • Wei, W., Sheming, C., Lin, Z., Lishan, M., Rui, C., & Futian, L. (2020). Research on the Sensitivity Assessment of Soil Erosion by AHP Method: A Case Study in the Northeast of Ordos Basin. ICAEER 2020 (s. 1-4). Shanghai, China: ICAEER. google scholar
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gülşen Kum 0000-0002-1617-1723

Mehmet Emin Sönmez 0000-0003-2940-3308

Abdullah Kargın This is me 0000-0003-4314-5106

Project Number -
Publication Date July 8, 2022
Submission Date January 16, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 44

Cite

APA Kum, G., Sönmez, M. E., & Kargın, A. (2022). An Alternative Process for Determining Erosion Risk: The Fuzzy Method. Coğrafya Dergisi(44), 219-229. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2022-1058416
AMA Kum G, Sönmez ME, Kargın A. An Alternative Process for Determining Erosion Risk: The Fuzzy Method. Coğrafya Dergisi. July 2022;(44):219-229. doi:10.26650/JGEOG2022-1058416
Chicago Kum, Gülşen, Mehmet Emin Sönmez, and Abdullah Kargın. “An Alternative Process for Determining Erosion Risk: The Fuzzy Method”. Coğrafya Dergisi, no. 44 (July 2022): 219-29. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2022-1058416.
EndNote Kum G, Sönmez ME, Kargın A (July 1, 2022) An Alternative Process for Determining Erosion Risk: The Fuzzy Method. Coğrafya Dergisi 44 219–229.
IEEE G. Kum, M. E. Sönmez, and A. Kargın, “An Alternative Process for Determining Erosion Risk: The Fuzzy Method”, Coğrafya Dergisi, no. 44, pp. 219–229, July 2022, doi: 10.26650/JGEOG2022-1058416.
ISNAD Kum, Gülşen et al. “An Alternative Process for Determining Erosion Risk: The Fuzzy Method”. Coğrafya Dergisi 44 (July 2022), 219-229. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2022-1058416.
JAMA Kum G, Sönmez ME, Kargın A. An Alternative Process for Determining Erosion Risk: The Fuzzy Method. Coğrafya Dergisi. 2022;:219–229.
MLA Kum, Gülşen et al. “An Alternative Process for Determining Erosion Risk: The Fuzzy Method”. Coğrafya Dergisi, no. 44, 2022, pp. 219-2, doi:10.26650/JGEOG2022-1058416.
Vancouver Kum G, Sönmez ME, Kargın A. An Alternative Process for Determining Erosion Risk: The Fuzzy Method. Coğrafya Dergisi. 2022(44):219-2.