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Avrupa Birliği Medya Okuryazarlığı Politika ve Mevzuatına Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 35 - 60, 21.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1327020

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı AB’nin medya okuryazarlığı politikalarını ve mevzuatını değerlendirerek, Avrupa Birliği’nin bu alandaki eğilimlerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada belgesel tarama yapılarak birincil kaynaklardan yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada ulaşılan bazı sonuçlar şunlardır: AB 2007 yılından bu yana, Üye Devletler’in medya okuryazarlığı konusundaki gelişimlerini takip etmek ve bu konudaki iyi uygulamaları teşvik etmek üzere hukukî önlemler almıştır. 2018 yılında Görsel-İşitsel Medya Hizmetleri Yönergesinde yapılan değişiklik ile geleneksel medyanın yanı sıra, video paylaşım sitelerine de medya okuryazarlığı konusunda sorumluluk yüklenmiştir. Avrupa Birliği’nin son yıllarda, medya okuryazarlığı kapsamında özellikle dezenformasyonla mücadeleye yönelik çalışmalara ağırlık verdiği görülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, Dennis M., and Mary Hamm. Literacy in a Multimedia Age. Christopher-Gordon Pub, 2001.
  • Akkor Gül, Ayşen. Görsel-işitsel politikasıyla avrupa birliği: televizyon yayıncılığından yöndeşen medyaya [The European Union with its audiovisual policy: from television broadcasting to converging media]. 1. baskı. Yayın İletişim dizisi. İstanbul: Beta, 2013.
  • Akkor Gül, Ayşen. ‘Media Literacy in the European Union: Tendencies Observed in the Regulations and the Studies’. AJIT-e: Online Academic Journal of Information Technology 4, no. 11 (15 February 2013): 15–33. https://doi.org/10.5824/1309-1581.2013.1.002.x.
  • Altun, Adnan. ‘Tavsiye Kararları Çerçevesinde Avrupa Birliği’nin Medya Okuryazarlığı Eğitimi Vizyonu [The European Community’s The Vision of Media Literacy Education Within The Frame of The Recommendations]’. The Journal of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Education 8, no. 1 (2011): 58–86.
  • Aufderheide, Patricia. Media Literacy: A Report of the National Leadership Conference on Media Literacy, The Aspen Institute Wye Center, Queenstown, Maryland, December 7 - 9, 1992. Forum Report. Queenstown, Md: Aspen Inst, 1993.
  • Bilici, İbrahim E. ‘Medya Okuryazarlında Paydaşlar Arası İşbirliği ve Anahtar Kriterler [Stakeholder Collaboration and Key Criteria in Media Literacy]’. In Medya Okuryazarlığı [Media Literacy], edited by Meltem Bostancı, 17–47. Ankara: Nobel Publications, 2019.
  • Borga, Joseph, and Mary Anne Laurib. ‘A Comparative Study of EU Documents on Media Literacy’. In Media Education Research Journal 2, no. 1 (2011): 30–42.
  • Broughton Micova, Sally, and Ivana Kostovska. ‘“Video-Sharing Platforms: Study on the Implementation of the New Provisions in the Revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD)’. In Study on the Implementation of the New Provisions in the Revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) Final Report (Publication Pending). European Union Publication, 2020. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2759/135983.
  • Celot, Paolo, and José Manuel Pérez Tornero. ‘Study on Assessment Criteria for Media Literacy Levels:A Comprehensive View of the Concept of Media Literacy and an Understanding of How Media LiteracyLevel in Europe Should Be Assessed’. Brussel: European Commission, 2009.
  • Cervi, Laura Manuel Pérez, Oralia Paredes, and José Tornero. ‘Current Trends of Media Literacy in Europe: An Overview’. International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence 1, no. 4 (1 October 2010): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4018/jdldc.2010100101.
  • Çiftci, Ahmet. ‘Kitle İletişim Hukuku: Temel Kavramlar ve Genel Olarak Denetim [Mass Media Law: Basic Concepts and Control in General]’. In Kitle İletişiminde Denetim [Control in Mass Media], edited by Ahmet Çiftci, 11–148. Ankara: Adalet Publications, 2021.
  • Ciurel, Daniel. ‘Medıa Literacy: Concepts, Approaches and Competencies’. Professional Communication and Translation Studies, no. 9 (2016): 13–20.
  • CPI. ‘EU Sues Five Countries Over Media Content’. Competition Policy International, 19 May 2022. https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/eu-sues-five-countries-media-content/.
  • Danish Technological Institute [DTI] and European Association for Viewers’ Interests [EAVI]. ‘Testing and Refining Criteria to Assess Media Literacy Levels in Europe Final Report’. Brussel: European Commission, 2011.
  • Danov, Danail. ‘Development of Media Literacy as a Key Requirement of the European Union’. Postmodernism Problems 9, no. 2 (2019): 284–94.
  • European Association for Viewers’ Interests [EAVI]. ‘Study on Assesment Criteria for Media Literacy Levels’. Brussel: EAVI, 2009.
  • European Audiovisual Observatory. ‘Mapping of Media Literacy Practices and Actions in EU-28’. Strasbourg: European Audiovisual Observatory, 2016.
  • European Commission. ‘2018 Code of Practice on Disinformation’, 2022. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/2018-code-practice-disinformation.
  • European Commission. ‘Communication on a European Approach to Media Literacy in the Digital Environment’, 2007. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52007DC0833&from=el.
  • European Commission. ‘Conclusions on a European Approach to Media Literacy in the Digital Environment’. Brussel: European Commission, 2008.
  • European Commission. ‘Media Literacy Expert Group’, 20 September 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/expert-groups-register/screen/expert-groups/consult?do=groupDetail.groupDetail&groupID=2541. European Court of Auditors. ‘EU Action Plan against Disinformation.’, 2020. https://www.eca.europa.eu/Lists/ECADocuments/AP20_04/AP_Disinformation_EN.pdf.
  • European Platform of Regulatory Authorities. ‘Reflections on Video-Sharing Platforms’ Promotion of Media Literacy under the Audiovisual Media Services Directive from.’, 2021. https://cdn.epra.org/attachments/files/3922/original/VSP_MIL_AVMSD_Reflections_EPRA_final.pdf.
  • Güner, Oğuz. ‘Avrupa Birliği’nde Dijital Medya Okuryazarlığına Dair Bir Değerlendirme [An Assessment on Digital Media Literacy In The European Union].’ Dicle University Social Sciences Institute Journal, no. 29 (2022): 473–99.
  • Keyes, Ralph. Hakikat Ötesi Çağ: Günümüz Dünyasında Yalancılık ve Aldatma [The Post-Truth Era: Dishonesty and Deception in Contemporary Life Hardcover]. Translated by Deniz Çetin. İzmir: Delidolu, 2019.
  • Klossa, Guillaume. ‘Towards European Media Sovereignty An Industrial Media Strategy to Leverage Data, Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence’. Brussel: European Commission, 2019. Livingstone, Sonia, Tao Papaioannou, Grandío Pérez, and Christine W. Wijnen. ‘Critical Insights in European Media Literacy Research and Policy’. Media Studies 3, no. 6 (2012): 2–12.
  • Office of Communications [OFCOM]. ‘Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes Report’. OFCOM, 2017. https://www.ofcom.org.uk/research-and-data/media-literacy-research/childrens/children-parents-2017.
  • O’Neill, Brian. ‘Current Policy Developments in European Media Literacy’. International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 6, no. 2 (1 September 2010): 235–41. https://doi.org/10.1386/mcp.6.2.235_3.
  • Pérez Tornero, José Manuel, and Mireia Pi. ‘Media Literacy Policy in European Union A New Horizon’. In New Questions, New Insights, New Approaches:Contributions to the Research Forum at the World
  • Summit on Media for Children and Youth 2010, edited by Cecilia von Feilitzen, Ulla Carlsson, and Catharina Bucht, 69–81. Nordicom: University of Gothenburg, 2011.
  • Petranová Dana , Hossová Monika , Velický Peter. ‘Curent Development Trends of Media Literacy in European Union Countries’. Communication Today 8, no. 1 (2017): 52–65.
  • Potter, W. James. ‘The State of Media Literacy’. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 54, no. 4 (30 November 2010): 675–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2011.521462.
  • Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu [RTÜK]. ‘The European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services’, 2022. https://www.rtuk.gov.tr/ab-bunyesinde-yurutulen-faaliyetler/1755.
  • Sádaba, Charo, and Ramón Salaverría. ‘Combatir La Desinformación Con Alfabetización Mediática: Análisis de Las Tendencias En La Unión Europea’. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, no. 81 (28 April 2022): 17–33. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2023-1552.
  • Silver, Aviva. ‘A European Approach to Media Literacy: Moving toward an Inclusive Knowledge Society’. Comunicar 16, no. 32 (1 March 2009): 19–20. https://doi.org/10.3916/c32-2009-01-004.
  • Viola, Roberto. ‘Media Literacy from the EU Perspective’. Brussel: European Commission, 2016.

AN EVALUATION OF EUROPEAN UNION MEDIA LITERACY POLICIES AND LEGISLATION

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 35 - 60, 21.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1327020

Öz

The aim of this study is to evaluate the media literacy policies and legislation of the EU and to investigate the tendencies of the European Union in this field. In the study, a documentary scanning was conducted and primary sources were utilized. Some of the results reached in the study as follows: Since 2007, the EU has taken legal measures to monitor the development of Member States on media literacy and to promote good practices in this regard. In 2018, with the amendment made to the Audio-Visual Media Services Directive, video-sharing sites, as well as traditional media, were given responsibility regarding media literacy. In recent years, the European Union has been leaning towards efforts aimed at combating disinformation, especially within the scope of media literacy.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, Dennis M., and Mary Hamm. Literacy in a Multimedia Age. Christopher-Gordon Pub, 2001.
  • Akkor Gül, Ayşen. Görsel-işitsel politikasıyla avrupa birliği: televizyon yayıncılığından yöndeşen medyaya [The European Union with its audiovisual policy: from television broadcasting to converging media]. 1. baskı. Yayın İletişim dizisi. İstanbul: Beta, 2013.
  • Akkor Gül, Ayşen. ‘Media Literacy in the European Union: Tendencies Observed in the Regulations and the Studies’. AJIT-e: Online Academic Journal of Information Technology 4, no. 11 (15 February 2013): 15–33. https://doi.org/10.5824/1309-1581.2013.1.002.x.
  • Altun, Adnan. ‘Tavsiye Kararları Çerçevesinde Avrupa Birliği’nin Medya Okuryazarlığı Eğitimi Vizyonu [The European Community’s The Vision of Media Literacy Education Within The Frame of The Recommendations]’. The Journal of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Education 8, no. 1 (2011): 58–86.
  • Aufderheide, Patricia. Media Literacy: A Report of the National Leadership Conference on Media Literacy, The Aspen Institute Wye Center, Queenstown, Maryland, December 7 - 9, 1992. Forum Report. Queenstown, Md: Aspen Inst, 1993.
  • Bilici, İbrahim E. ‘Medya Okuryazarlında Paydaşlar Arası İşbirliği ve Anahtar Kriterler [Stakeholder Collaboration and Key Criteria in Media Literacy]’. In Medya Okuryazarlığı [Media Literacy], edited by Meltem Bostancı, 17–47. Ankara: Nobel Publications, 2019.
  • Borga, Joseph, and Mary Anne Laurib. ‘A Comparative Study of EU Documents on Media Literacy’. In Media Education Research Journal 2, no. 1 (2011): 30–42.
  • Broughton Micova, Sally, and Ivana Kostovska. ‘“Video-Sharing Platforms: Study on the Implementation of the New Provisions in the Revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD)’. In Study on the Implementation of the New Provisions in the Revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) Final Report (Publication Pending). European Union Publication, 2020. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2759/135983.
  • Celot, Paolo, and José Manuel Pérez Tornero. ‘Study on Assessment Criteria for Media Literacy Levels:A Comprehensive View of the Concept of Media Literacy and an Understanding of How Media LiteracyLevel in Europe Should Be Assessed’. Brussel: European Commission, 2009.
  • Cervi, Laura Manuel Pérez, Oralia Paredes, and José Tornero. ‘Current Trends of Media Literacy in Europe: An Overview’. International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence 1, no. 4 (1 October 2010): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4018/jdldc.2010100101.
  • Çiftci, Ahmet. ‘Kitle İletişim Hukuku: Temel Kavramlar ve Genel Olarak Denetim [Mass Media Law: Basic Concepts and Control in General]’. In Kitle İletişiminde Denetim [Control in Mass Media], edited by Ahmet Çiftci, 11–148. Ankara: Adalet Publications, 2021.
  • Ciurel, Daniel. ‘Medıa Literacy: Concepts, Approaches and Competencies’. Professional Communication and Translation Studies, no. 9 (2016): 13–20.
  • CPI. ‘EU Sues Five Countries Over Media Content’. Competition Policy International, 19 May 2022. https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/eu-sues-five-countries-media-content/.
  • Danish Technological Institute [DTI] and European Association for Viewers’ Interests [EAVI]. ‘Testing and Refining Criteria to Assess Media Literacy Levels in Europe Final Report’. Brussel: European Commission, 2011.
  • Danov, Danail. ‘Development of Media Literacy as a Key Requirement of the European Union’. Postmodernism Problems 9, no. 2 (2019): 284–94.
  • European Association for Viewers’ Interests [EAVI]. ‘Study on Assesment Criteria for Media Literacy Levels’. Brussel: EAVI, 2009.
  • European Audiovisual Observatory. ‘Mapping of Media Literacy Practices and Actions in EU-28’. Strasbourg: European Audiovisual Observatory, 2016.
  • European Commission. ‘2018 Code of Practice on Disinformation’, 2022. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/2018-code-practice-disinformation.
  • European Commission. ‘Communication on a European Approach to Media Literacy in the Digital Environment’, 2007. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52007DC0833&from=el.
  • European Commission. ‘Conclusions on a European Approach to Media Literacy in the Digital Environment’. Brussel: European Commission, 2008.
  • European Commission. ‘Media Literacy Expert Group’, 20 September 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/expert-groups-register/screen/expert-groups/consult?do=groupDetail.groupDetail&groupID=2541. European Court of Auditors. ‘EU Action Plan against Disinformation.’, 2020. https://www.eca.europa.eu/Lists/ECADocuments/AP20_04/AP_Disinformation_EN.pdf.
  • European Platform of Regulatory Authorities. ‘Reflections on Video-Sharing Platforms’ Promotion of Media Literacy under the Audiovisual Media Services Directive from.’, 2021. https://cdn.epra.org/attachments/files/3922/original/VSP_MIL_AVMSD_Reflections_EPRA_final.pdf.
  • Güner, Oğuz. ‘Avrupa Birliği’nde Dijital Medya Okuryazarlığına Dair Bir Değerlendirme [An Assessment on Digital Media Literacy In The European Union].’ Dicle University Social Sciences Institute Journal, no. 29 (2022): 473–99.
  • Keyes, Ralph. Hakikat Ötesi Çağ: Günümüz Dünyasında Yalancılık ve Aldatma [The Post-Truth Era: Dishonesty and Deception in Contemporary Life Hardcover]. Translated by Deniz Çetin. İzmir: Delidolu, 2019.
  • Klossa, Guillaume. ‘Towards European Media Sovereignty An Industrial Media Strategy to Leverage Data, Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence’. Brussel: European Commission, 2019. Livingstone, Sonia, Tao Papaioannou, Grandío Pérez, and Christine W. Wijnen. ‘Critical Insights in European Media Literacy Research and Policy’. Media Studies 3, no. 6 (2012): 2–12.
  • Office of Communications [OFCOM]. ‘Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes Report’. OFCOM, 2017. https://www.ofcom.org.uk/research-and-data/media-literacy-research/childrens/children-parents-2017.
  • O’Neill, Brian. ‘Current Policy Developments in European Media Literacy’. International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 6, no. 2 (1 September 2010): 235–41. https://doi.org/10.1386/mcp.6.2.235_3.
  • Pérez Tornero, José Manuel, and Mireia Pi. ‘Media Literacy Policy in European Union A New Horizon’. In New Questions, New Insights, New Approaches:Contributions to the Research Forum at the World
  • Summit on Media for Children and Youth 2010, edited by Cecilia von Feilitzen, Ulla Carlsson, and Catharina Bucht, 69–81. Nordicom: University of Gothenburg, 2011.
  • Petranová Dana , Hossová Monika , Velický Peter. ‘Curent Development Trends of Media Literacy in European Union Countries’. Communication Today 8, no. 1 (2017): 52–65.
  • Potter, W. James. ‘The State of Media Literacy’. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 54, no. 4 (30 November 2010): 675–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2011.521462.
  • Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu [RTÜK]. ‘The European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services’, 2022. https://www.rtuk.gov.tr/ab-bunyesinde-yurutulen-faaliyetler/1755.
  • Sádaba, Charo, and Ramón Salaverría. ‘Combatir La Desinformación Con Alfabetización Mediática: Análisis de Las Tendencias En La Unión Europea’. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, no. 81 (28 April 2022): 17–33. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2023-1552.
  • Silver, Aviva. ‘A European Approach to Media Literacy: Moving toward an Inclusive Knowledge Society’. Comunicar 16, no. 32 (1 March 2009): 19–20. https://doi.org/10.3916/c32-2009-01-004.
  • Viola, Roberto. ‘Media Literacy from the EU Perspective’. Brussel: European Commission, 2016.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Avrupa Birliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Merve Ergüney

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Ergüney, Merve. “AN EVALUATION OF EUROPEAN UNION MEDIA LITERACY POLICIES AND LEGISLATION”. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 22, sy. 1 (Temmuz 2023): 35-60. https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1327020.