Öz
Factor analysis, which is conducted in educational researches, is used to interpret interrelated many variables by few latent variable/s. This technique was proposed by Spearman in 1904 and today it has been widely used by researcher to examine structural validity of instruments. Six facts should be considered to ensure accuracy of the factor analysis process as; Sample Size, Structure of R Matrix, Adequacy of R Matrix, Factor Extraction Method, Number of Factors and Factor Rotation. These facts are essential to verify accuracy of the results. Each of them should be processed by considering their unique characteristics to ensure reliability of the factor analysis
Anahtar Kelimeler
Exploratory Factor Analysis Common Factor Model Construct Validity
Kaynakça
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör Analizi: Temel Kavramlar ve Ölçek Geliştirmede Kullanımı. Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 32, 470- 483.
- Cattell, R. B. (1978). The Scientific Use of Factor Analysis. New york: Plenum.
- Costello, A. B., ve Osborne, J. W. (2005). Exploratory Factor Analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 10(7), 1-9.
- Cudeck (2007). Factor Analysis in the Year 2004: Still Spry at 100. (Eds.) Cudeck, R., ve MacCallum, R. C. Factor Analysis at 100: Historical Developments and Future Directions. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. 1-7.
- Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., ve Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272-299.
- Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publication.
- Ford, J. K., MacCallum, R. C., ve Tait, M. (1986). The Application of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Applied Psychology: A Critical Review and Analysis. Personnel Psychology,39, 291-314.
- Guadagnoli E., ve Velicer W., F. (1988). Relation of Sample Size to The Stability of Component Patterns. Psychological Bulletin. 103(2), 265-75.
- Gorsuch, R. L. (1974). Factor analysis. Philadelphia: Saunders.
- Guilford, j, P. (1954). Psychometrics methods (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Henson, R., Capraro, R. M., ve Capraro, M. M. (2004). Reporting Practice and Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Educational Research Journals. Research in the Schools, 11(2), 61-72.
- Henson, R. K., ve Roberts, J. K. (2006). Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research: Common Errors and Some Comment on İmproved Practice. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 393–416.
- Kaiser, H.F. (1974). An Index of Factorial Simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.
- Kline, P. (1979). Psychometrics and Psychology. London. Academic Press.
- MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., ve Hong, S. (1999). Sample Size in Factor Analysis. Psychological Methods, 4, 84-99.
- Mulaik. S. A. (1987). A Brief History of the Philosophical Foundations of Exploratory Factor Analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 22, 267-305.
- Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Özgüven, E. (1994). Psikolojik Testler, Ankara: Yeni Doğuş Matbaası.
- Park, H. S., Dailey, R. ve Lemus, D. (2002). The Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis and Principal Components Analysis in Communication Research. Human Communication Research. 28(4), 562-567.
- Snook, S. C., & Gorsuch, R. L. (1989). Component Analysis versus Common Factor-Analysis – A Monte- Carlo Study. Psychological Bulletin, 106(1), 148-154.
- Stevens, J. (1996). Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, New Jersey.
- Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell L. S. (1989). Using Multivariate Statistics. California State University, Northridge, Harper Collins Publishers.
- Tabachnick, G. G., ve Fidell, L. S. (2007). Experimental Designs Using ANOVA. Belmont, CA: Duxbury.
- Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Understanding Concepts and Applications. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Tinsley, H.E.A., ve Tinsley, D.J. (1987). Uses Of Factor Analysis in Counseling Psychology Research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 414-424.
- Velicer, W. F., ve Jackson, D. N. (1990). Component Analysis versus Common Factor-Analysis – Some Further Observations. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(1), 97-114.
- Widaman, K. F. (1993). Common Factor-Analysis versus Principal Component Analysis – Differential Bias in Representing Model Parameters. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 28(3), 263-311.
- Zoller, M. (2012). A Comparison between Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis. Unıversıty of Applıed Sciences Wurzburg-Schweınfurt 16.07.2012 1 A. 1-4.
- Zwick, W.R., ve Velicer, W. F. (1986). Factor İnfluencing Five Rules for Determining The Number of Components to Retain. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 432 442.
Öz
Eğitim araştırmalarında oldukça sık kullanılan faktör analizi tekniği, aralarında ilişki bulunduğu düşünülen çok sayıdaki değişkenin daha az sayıdaki doğrudan gözlenemeyen değişken veya değişkenler ile yorumlanabilmesine imkân sağlamaktadır. Bu teknik Spearman tarafından 1904 yılında ortaya atılmış ve birçok araştırmacı tarafından veri toplama araçlarının yapısal olarak geçerliliğini sınamak amacıyla kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Faktör analizi sürecini bir bütün olarak ele aldığımızda, 6 tane unsurun bu sürecin sağlıklı olarak işlemesinde rol aldığı görülmektedir. Bu unsurlar; R-matris, örneklem genişliği, R-matrisin yapısal uygunluğu, faktör çıkarım yönteminin belirlenmesi, rotasyon, faktör sayısının belirlenmesi aşamalarından oluşmaktadır. Faktör analiz sürecinde bahsedilen unsurlar analiz sonuçlarının kesinliğinin belirlenmesi açısından önemlidir. Bu bakımdan, her bir unsur kendi içinde belirli kurallar veya ölçütler ile sağlanmalı ve süreç ile olan ilişkisi göz ardı edilmemelidir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi Ortak Faktör Modeli Yapı Geçerliği
Kaynakça
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör Analizi: Temel Kavramlar ve Ölçek Geliştirmede Kullanımı. Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 32, 470- 483.
- Cattell, R. B. (1978). The Scientific Use of Factor Analysis. New york: Plenum.
- Costello, A. B., ve Osborne, J. W. (2005). Exploratory Factor Analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 10(7), 1-9.
- Cudeck (2007). Factor Analysis in the Year 2004: Still Spry at 100. (Eds.) Cudeck, R., ve MacCallum, R. C. Factor Analysis at 100: Historical Developments and Future Directions. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. 1-7.
- Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., ve Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272-299.
- Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publication.
- Ford, J. K., MacCallum, R. C., ve Tait, M. (1986). The Application of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Applied Psychology: A Critical Review and Analysis. Personnel Psychology,39, 291-314.
- Guadagnoli E., ve Velicer W., F. (1988). Relation of Sample Size to The Stability of Component Patterns. Psychological Bulletin. 103(2), 265-75.
- Gorsuch, R. L. (1974). Factor analysis. Philadelphia: Saunders.
- Guilford, j, P. (1954). Psychometrics methods (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Henson, R., Capraro, R. M., ve Capraro, M. M. (2004). Reporting Practice and Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Educational Research Journals. Research in the Schools, 11(2), 61-72.
- Henson, R. K., ve Roberts, J. K. (2006). Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research: Common Errors and Some Comment on İmproved Practice. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 393–416.
- Kaiser, H.F. (1974). An Index of Factorial Simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.
- Kline, P. (1979). Psychometrics and Psychology. London. Academic Press.
- MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., ve Hong, S. (1999). Sample Size in Factor Analysis. Psychological Methods, 4, 84-99.
- Mulaik. S. A. (1987). A Brief History of the Philosophical Foundations of Exploratory Factor Analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 22, 267-305.
- Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Özgüven, E. (1994). Psikolojik Testler, Ankara: Yeni Doğuş Matbaası.
- Park, H. S., Dailey, R. ve Lemus, D. (2002). The Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis and Principal Components Analysis in Communication Research. Human Communication Research. 28(4), 562-567.
- Snook, S. C., & Gorsuch, R. L. (1989). Component Analysis versus Common Factor-Analysis – A Monte- Carlo Study. Psychological Bulletin, 106(1), 148-154.
- Stevens, J. (1996). Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, New Jersey.
- Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell L. S. (1989). Using Multivariate Statistics. California State University, Northridge, Harper Collins Publishers.
- Tabachnick, G. G., ve Fidell, L. S. (2007). Experimental Designs Using ANOVA. Belmont, CA: Duxbury.
- Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Understanding Concepts and Applications. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Tinsley, H.E.A., ve Tinsley, D.J. (1987). Uses Of Factor Analysis in Counseling Psychology Research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 414-424.
- Velicer, W. F., ve Jackson, D. N. (1990). Component Analysis versus Common Factor-Analysis – Some Further Observations. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(1), 97-114.
- Widaman, K. F. (1993). Common Factor-Analysis versus Principal Component Analysis – Differential Bias in Representing Model Parameters. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 28(3), 263-311.
- Zoller, M. (2012). A Comparison between Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis. Unıversıty of Applıed Sciences Wurzburg-Schweınfurt 16.07.2012 1 A. 1-4.
- Zwick, W.R., ve Velicer, W. F. (1986). Factor İnfluencing Five Rules for Determining The Number of Components to Retain. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 432 442.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Alan Eğitimleri, Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2014 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 22 Nisan 2014 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2014 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1 |