Öz
Seramik yüzyıllardır farklı coğrafyalarda yaşayan kültürlerin en temel unsurlarından biridir. Zaman içerisinde bu malzeme inançlara ve yaşayış biçimlerine göre değişim ve gelişim göstermiştir. Bu makalede Awajún kadınlarının üretmiş olduğu çömlekler ele alınmıştır. Peru’nun kuzey coğrafyasında çoğunlukla Amazon ormanlarında konumlanan Awajun halkının kadınları organik malzemeler kullanarak nesilden nesile seramik üretimini aktarmışlardır. Seramik üretiminde köklü bir geleneği devam ettiren bu halkın geleneği 2021 yılında UNESCO tarafından Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras Listesine ekleniştir. Bu yolla ilgili geleneğin sürdürülebilirliği ve geleceği koruma altına alınmıştır. Awajún çömlekçileri çoğunlukla yiyecek ve içecekleri saklayabilmek veya servis yapabilmek için mutfak eşyası olarak üretilmiş olup yanısıra ritüellerde de kullanılmak üzere yapılmıştır. Farklı amaçlar için üretilen objeler elde sucukla şekillendirilerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Açıkta pişirimin gerçekleştirildiği objeler üzerine sıcakken veya soğukken reçineler sürerek parlaklık kazandırmışlardır. Bazı ürünlerin yüzeyine dekorlar da yapmışlardır. Sonuç olarak çömlekçiliğin malzemesi, üretim yöntemleri, pişirim teknikleri ve dekorları nasıl uyguladıkları hangi malzemeleri kullandıkları, üretilen seramiklerin inanç ve kültürdeki yeri ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmada ortaya konulan bulguların seramik alana katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
-
Proje Numarası
-
Teşekkür
-
Kaynakça
- ASENCİOS, María, Eugenia, Aldava (2019). “El Pueblo Awajún” Relatos ancestrales del pueblo Awajún Cuentos, Mitos y Leyendas, Ministerio de Educación https://www.fondep.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/cuento-awajun-setiembre_baja.pdf
- BELAUNDE, Luisa Elvira (2017). Viver bem e a cerâmica: técnicas artefatuais e sociais na Amazônia, Revista de @ntropologia da UFSCar, 9 (2), jul. /s.s185-200.
- BELAUNDE, Luisa, Elvira (2017). Shien pujut: cerámica, arte y territorio Awajún. En J. C. J. Stillemans, Transversal - Acciones de Integracion en el Territorio Peruano Lima: PUCP, Fondo Editorial. 403-416.
- BROWN, Michael. F. (1984). Una paz incierta. Historia y Cultura de las Comunidades Aguarunas Frente al İmpacto de la Carretera Marginal. Lima, Peru :Editorial Grafic Pacific Press S. A.
- CARMEN LUZ, Puente, Saboya, (2019) “Monografía Estudio, Valoración y Desarrollo de las Artesanías en la Región Selva” Para optar al Título Profesional de Licenciado en Educación, Lima, Perú: Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Alma Máter del Magisterio Nacional
- CAROLA G. RAMOS Cortez (2021). “Indıgenous-State Relatıons In The Peruvıan Amazon: Between Autonomy, Integratıon, And The Absent State”, Thesis for the Degree of Doctor. Ontario, Canada: Queen’s University Kingston. https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/handle/1974/29190/RamosCortez_Carola_G_202108_PHD.pdf?sequence=3
- CEJEİCO, Guster Bártenes (2006). El Arte Cerámıco Awajún: Espacıos De Socıalızacıón, Unıversıdad Mayor De San Sımón Facultad De Humanıdades y Cıencıas de la Educacıón Departamento de Post Grado Programa De Educacıón Intercultural Bılıngüe Para Los Paıses Andınos Proeıb Andes, Cochabamba, Bolivia http://biblioteca.proeibandes.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/5.Tesis-Guster-Bartenes.pdf
- DUKE, James A. BOGENSCHUTZ-GODWİN, Mary Jo, OTTESEN Andrea R. (2008). “Duke’s Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America” Milk Tree (Apocynaceae), Boca Raton: CRC Press https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781420043174.ch3
- GERTRUDE E. Dole. (1998) “Los Amahuaca”, Guıa Etnografıca de la Alta Amazonıa (Volumen 3). (Ed. Fernando Santos & Frederica Barclay). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute/ Ediciones Abya-Yala, Panama
- JUÁREZ Rutty, DANİEL Alexander (2015). Cerámica tradicional awajún. Lima: Ministerio de Cultura akt. Director de la IESMTI “Túpac Amaru” Mg. Ysidoro Mendoza Bardales, (2019). Relatos ancestrales del pueblo Awajún Cuentos, mitos y leyendas, Ministerio de Educación, s.31. (Juárez Rutty 2015: 7). https://www.fondep.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/cuento-awajun-setiembre_baja.pdf)
- JUÁREZ Rutty, DANİEL Alexander (2015). Cerámica tradicional awajún. Lima: Ministerio de Cultura
- PERU MINISTERIO DE CULTURA (2015). Cerámica Tradicional Awajún, Lima https://www.ruraqmaki.pe/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/ba_564a3f820e815.pdf
- PERU MINISTERIO DE CULTURA (2021). Ceramica Awajun, Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad Peru Lima https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/2643010/Cat%C3%A1logo%20Cer%C3%A1mica%20Awaj%C3%BAn%20-%20Patrimonio%20Cultural%20de%20la%20Humanidad.pdf
- PERU MINISTERIO DE CULTURA (t.y). https://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/pueblos/awajun
- REGAN, Jaime (2007). Valoración cultural de los pueblos awajún y wampis. Documento 10. Lima: Inrena.
- ULAŞTIRMA VE HABERLEŞME TERİMLERİ SÖZLÜĞÜ (2011). T.C. Ulaştırma Bakanlığı Yayınları 16, Ankara,
- URİARTE, L. (2007). Los achuar. Research Institute. Ministerio de Cultura, Perú.
- YATSUPİCH Chumpi, Evan, Wisum (2020). “Título de Latesıs la Cultura Awajun y Su Fortalecımıento a Través de la Vestımenta Típica En La Institución Educativa N° 16321 De Shımpuents, Amazonas, 2018”. Tesis Para Obtener El Título Profesıonal De Licencıado en Educacıón Prımarıa Intercultural Bilingüe, Chachapoyas, Perú: Facultad de Educacıón y Ciencıas de la Comunicación Escuela Profesional de Educación
- URL-1:https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/pottery-related-values-knowledge-lore-and-practices-of-the-awajn-people-01557
- URL-2: https://www.unesco.org/tich4sd/en/peru/ruraq
- URL-3: https://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/pueblos/awajun.
- URL- 4: https://native-land.ca/maps-old/territories/awajun/
- URL-5: https://www.fondep.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/cuento-awajun-setiembre_baja.pdf
- URL-6: https://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/pueblos/awajun.
- URL-7: https://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/pueblos/awajun
- URL-8: https://www.atlasofhumanity.com/aguaruna.
- URL-9: https://www.unesco.org/tich4sd/es/peru/ruraq
- URL-10: https://vigilanteamazonico.pe/2019/07/02/eligen-nueva-junta-directiva-de-las-comunidades-indigenas-awajun/
- URL-11: https://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/pueblos/awajun
- URL-12:https://www.comidastipicasperuanas.com/receta-de-masato-deyuca/#:~:text=El%20masato%20es%20una%20preparaci%C3%B3n,de%20yuca%2C%20az%C3%BAcar%20y%20agua.
- URL-13:https://www.comidastipicasperuanas.com/receta-de-masato-de yuca/#:~:text=El%20masato%20es%20una%20preparaci%C3%B3n,de%20yuca%2C%20az%C3%BAcar%20y%20agua.
Öz
Ceramics is one of the most basic elements of cultures living in different geographies for centuries. Over time, this material has changed and developed according to beliefs and lifestyles. In this article, the pottery produced by Awajún women is discussed. The women of the Awajun people, mostly located in the Amazon forests in the northern geography of Peru, passed on the production of ceramics from generation to generation using organic materials. The tradition of this people, which continues a deep-rooted tradition in ceramic production, was added to the Intangible Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO in 2021. In this way, the sustainability of the tradition and the future are protected. Awajún potters were mostly produced as utensils to store or serve food and drink, as well as for use in rituals. Objects produced for different purposes were shaped by hand with sausage. Resins were applied on the objects on which open firing was carried out, when they were hot or cold, to give them shine. They have also made decorations on the surface of some products. As a result, the materials of pottery, production methods, firing techniques and decorations, what materials they used, the place of the produced ceramics in belief and culture were revealed. It is thought that the findings revealed in the research will contribute to the field of ceramics.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Awajun Ceramic Pottery UNESCO Patrimoine culturel immatériel
Proje Numarası
-
Kaynakça
- ASENCİOS, María, Eugenia, Aldava (2019). “El Pueblo Awajún” Relatos ancestrales del pueblo Awajún Cuentos, Mitos y Leyendas, Ministerio de Educación https://www.fondep.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/cuento-awajun-setiembre_baja.pdf
- BELAUNDE, Luisa Elvira (2017). Viver bem e a cerâmica: técnicas artefatuais e sociais na Amazônia, Revista de @ntropologia da UFSCar, 9 (2), jul. /s.s185-200.
- BELAUNDE, Luisa, Elvira (2017). Shien pujut: cerámica, arte y territorio Awajún. En J. C. J. Stillemans, Transversal - Acciones de Integracion en el Territorio Peruano Lima: PUCP, Fondo Editorial. 403-416.
- BROWN, Michael. F. (1984). Una paz incierta. Historia y Cultura de las Comunidades Aguarunas Frente al İmpacto de la Carretera Marginal. Lima, Peru :Editorial Grafic Pacific Press S. A.
- CARMEN LUZ, Puente, Saboya, (2019) “Monografía Estudio, Valoración y Desarrollo de las Artesanías en la Región Selva” Para optar al Título Profesional de Licenciado en Educación, Lima, Perú: Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Alma Máter del Magisterio Nacional
- CAROLA G. RAMOS Cortez (2021). “Indıgenous-State Relatıons In The Peruvıan Amazon: Between Autonomy, Integratıon, And The Absent State”, Thesis for the Degree of Doctor. Ontario, Canada: Queen’s University Kingston. https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/handle/1974/29190/RamosCortez_Carola_G_202108_PHD.pdf?sequence=3
- CEJEİCO, Guster Bártenes (2006). El Arte Cerámıco Awajún: Espacıos De Socıalızacıón, Unıversıdad Mayor De San Sımón Facultad De Humanıdades y Cıencıas de la Educacıón Departamento de Post Grado Programa De Educacıón Intercultural Bılıngüe Para Los Paıses Andınos Proeıb Andes, Cochabamba, Bolivia http://biblioteca.proeibandes.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/5.Tesis-Guster-Bartenes.pdf
- DUKE, James A. BOGENSCHUTZ-GODWİN, Mary Jo, OTTESEN Andrea R. (2008). “Duke’s Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America” Milk Tree (Apocynaceae), Boca Raton: CRC Press https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781420043174.ch3
- GERTRUDE E. Dole. (1998) “Los Amahuaca”, Guıa Etnografıca de la Alta Amazonıa (Volumen 3). (Ed. Fernando Santos & Frederica Barclay). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute/ Ediciones Abya-Yala, Panama
- JUÁREZ Rutty, DANİEL Alexander (2015). Cerámica tradicional awajún. Lima: Ministerio de Cultura akt. Director de la IESMTI “Túpac Amaru” Mg. Ysidoro Mendoza Bardales, (2019). Relatos ancestrales del pueblo Awajún Cuentos, mitos y leyendas, Ministerio de Educación, s.31. (Juárez Rutty 2015: 7). https://www.fondep.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/cuento-awajun-setiembre_baja.pdf)
- JUÁREZ Rutty, DANİEL Alexander (2015). Cerámica tradicional awajún. Lima: Ministerio de Cultura
- PERU MINISTERIO DE CULTURA (2015). Cerámica Tradicional Awajún, Lima https://www.ruraqmaki.pe/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/ba_564a3f820e815.pdf
- PERU MINISTERIO DE CULTURA (2021). Ceramica Awajun, Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad Peru Lima https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/2643010/Cat%C3%A1logo%20Cer%C3%A1mica%20Awaj%C3%BAn%20-%20Patrimonio%20Cultural%20de%20la%20Humanidad.pdf
- PERU MINISTERIO DE CULTURA (t.y). https://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/pueblos/awajun
- REGAN, Jaime (2007). Valoración cultural de los pueblos awajún y wampis. Documento 10. Lima: Inrena.
- ULAŞTIRMA VE HABERLEŞME TERİMLERİ SÖZLÜĞÜ (2011). T.C. Ulaştırma Bakanlığı Yayınları 16, Ankara,
- URİARTE, L. (2007). Los achuar. Research Institute. Ministerio de Cultura, Perú.
- YATSUPİCH Chumpi, Evan, Wisum (2020). “Título de Latesıs la Cultura Awajun y Su Fortalecımıento a Través de la Vestımenta Típica En La Institución Educativa N° 16321 De Shımpuents, Amazonas, 2018”. Tesis Para Obtener El Título Profesıonal De Licencıado en Educacıón Prımarıa Intercultural Bilingüe, Chachapoyas, Perú: Facultad de Educacıón y Ciencıas de la Comunicación Escuela Profesional de Educación
- URL-1:https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/pottery-related-values-knowledge-lore-and-practices-of-the-awajn-people-01557
- URL-2: https://www.unesco.org/tich4sd/en/peru/ruraq
- URL-3: https://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/pueblos/awajun.
- URL- 4: https://native-land.ca/maps-old/territories/awajun/
- URL-5: https://www.fondep.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/cuento-awajun-setiembre_baja.pdf
- URL-6: https://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/pueblos/awajun.
- URL-7: https://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/pueblos/awajun
- URL-8: https://www.atlasofhumanity.com/aguaruna.
- URL-9: https://www.unesco.org/tich4sd/es/peru/ruraq
- URL-10: https://vigilanteamazonico.pe/2019/07/02/eligen-nueva-junta-directiva-de-las-comunidades-indigenas-awajun/
- URL-11: https://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/pueblos/awajun
- URL-12:https://www.comidastipicasperuanas.com/receta-de-masato-deyuca/#:~:text=El%20masato%20es%20una%20preparaci%C3%B3n,de%20yuca%2C%20az%C3%BAcar%20y%20agua.
- URL-13:https://www.comidastipicasperuanas.com/receta-de-masato-de yuca/#:~:text=El%20masato%20es%20una%20preparaci%C3%B3n,de%20yuca%2C%20az%C3%BAcar%20y%20agua.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Kültürel çalışmalar |
| Bölüm | Özgün Makale |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | - |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Kasım 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 30 Ekim 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2 |
