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Investigation of Mental Toughness Levels of Adolescents

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 15 - 27, 25.06.2024

Didem Aslanyürek , Haktan Demircioğlu

https://doi.org/10.47479/ihead.1397390

Abstract

Within the scope of this research, it was aimed to examine the mental toughness levels of adolescents according to various variables. The research was designed according to the survey model, one of the quantitative research methods. Within the scope of the “Republic of Turkey Ministry of Industry and Technology Socio-Economic Development Ranking (SEGE) 2022 Report”, the sample group of the study consisted of 1639 adolescents (828 girls, 811 boys) between the ages of 11-16 who continue their education and training in three less socio-economically developed districts of Ankara province. Data were collected through “Demographic Information Form” and “Mental Toughness Scale for Adolescents-Short Form” including independent variables. As a result of the study, it was found that the mental toughness levels of adolescents differed statistically significantly according to their gender, age, academic achievement level, family income level, whether they had their own rooms, their relationships with their parents, siblings and schoolmates, their behaviors that were not permitted by their parents, their parents' dominant approach and their social media usage time. The findings were discussed within the framework of the existing literature. It is aimed that the results obtained from the research will shed light on the studies and policies aimed at increasing the mental toughness levels of adolescents as well as understanding the variables associated with their mental toughness levels.

Keywords

Adolescence development mental toughness

References

  • Ankara İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü. (Erişim Tarihi: 12 Aralık 2022). Eğitim İstatistikleri. https://ankara.meb.gov.tr/www/egitim-istatistikleri/icerik/24
  • Bi, X., Yang, Y., Li, H., Wang, M., Zhang, W., & Deater-Deckard, K. (2018). Parenting styles and parent–adolescent relationships: The mediating roles of behavioral autonomy and parental authority. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2187.
  • Bøe, T., Petrie, K. J., Sivertsen, B., & Hysing, M. (2019). Interplay of subjective and objective economic well-being on the mental health of Norwegian adolescents. SSM-Population Health, 9, 100471.
  • Branje, S. (2018). Development of parent–adolescent relationships: Conflict interactions as a mechanism of change. Child Development Perspectives, 12(3), 171-176.
  • Branje, S. J., Hale, W. W., Frijns, T., & Meeus, W. H. (2010). Longitudinal associations between perceived parent-child relationship quality and depressive symptoms in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 751-763.
  • Brunborg, G. S., & Andreas, J. B. (2019). Increase in time spent on social media is associated with modest increase in depression, conduct problems, and episodic heavy drinking. Journal of Adolescence, 74, 201-209.
  • Bumpus, M. F., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2001). Parental autonomy granting during adolescence: exploring gender differences in context. Developmental Psychology, 37(2), 163.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2022). Eğitimde Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri (Vol. 32.baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  • Chetri, S. (2014). Achievement motivation of adolescents and its relationship with academic achievement. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 3(6), 8-15.
  • Clough, P., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: The concept and its measurement. Solutions in Sport Psychology, 1, 32-45.
  • Clough, P., & Strycharczyk, D. (2012). Developing mental toughness: Improving performance, wellbeing and positive behaviour in others. Kogan Page Publishers.
  • Coleman, J. C. (2011). The nature of adolescence. Routledge.
  • Compas, B. E. (2004). Processes of risk and resilience during adolescence: Linking contexts and individuals. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, 263-296.
  • Compas, B. E., & Wagner, B. M. (2017). Psychosocial stress during adolescence: Intrapersonal and interpersonal processes. In Adolescent stress (pp. 67-86). Routledge.
  • Connaughton, D., Hanton, S., Jones, G., & Wadey, R. (2008). Mental toughness research: Key issues in this area. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 39(3), 192-204.
  • Feinberg, M. E., Solmeyer, A. R., & McHale, S. M. (2012). The third rail of family systems: Sibling relationships, mental and behavioral health, and preventive intervention in childhood and adolescence. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 15, 43-57.
  • George, D. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 Update-Darren George, Paul Mallery. In: Google Books, Allyn & Bacon.
  • Gerber, M., Brand, S., Feldmeth, A. K., Lang, C., Elliot, C., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., & Pühse, U. (2013). Adolescents with high mental toughness adapt better to perceived stress: A longitudinal study with Swiss vocational students. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(7), 808-814.
  • Kramer, L., Conger, K. J., Rogers, C. R., & Ravindran, N. (2019). Siblings.
  • Lincoln, S. (2014). “I’ve Stamped My Personality All Over It” The Meaning of Objects in Teenage Bedroom Space. Space and Culture, 17(3), 266-279.
  • Lincoln, S. (2015). ‘My Bedroom is me’: Young people, private space, consumption and the family home. Intimacies, Critical Consumption and Diverse Economies, 87-106.
  • Liu, M., Kamper-DeMarco, K. E., Zhang, J., Xiao, J., Dong, D., & Xue, P. (2022). Time Spent on Social Media and Risk of Depression in Adolescents: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5164.
  • McGeown, S., St. Clair-Thompson, H., & Putwain, D. W. (2018). The development and validation of a mental toughness scale for adolescents. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 36(2), 148-161.
  • McGeown, S. P., St Clair-Thompson, H., & Clough, P. (2016). The study of non-cognitive attributes in education: Proposing the mental toughness framework. Educational Review, 68(1), 96-113.
  • McHale, S. M., Updegraff, K. A., & Whiteman, S. D. (2012). Sibling relationships and influences in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74(5), 913-930.
  • Newman, B. M., Newman, P. R., Griffen, S., O'Connor, K., & Spas, J. (2007). The relationship of social support to depressive symptoms during the transition to high school. Adolescence, 42(167).
  • Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C., Levy, A. R., & Backhouse, S. H. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(1), 73-75.
  • Oliva, A., & Arranz, E. (2005). Sibling relationships during adolescence. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2(3), 253-270.
  • Reid, D., & Weigle, P. (2014). Social media use among adolescents: Benefits and risks. Adolescent Psychiatry, 4(2), 73-80.
  • Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı. (Erişim tarihi: 12 Aralık 2022). İlçelerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Gelişmişlik Sıralaması (SEGE). https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/assets/pdf/birimler/2022-ilce-sege.pdf
  • Sari, T., & Ozkan, I. (2016). An investigation of the relationship between adolescents’ subjective well-being and perceived parental attitudes. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 29(2), 155.
  • Sawyer, S. M., Azzopardi, P. S., Wickremarathne, D., & Patton, G. C. (2018). The age of adolescence. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 2(3), 223-228.
  • Schacter, H. L., & Margolin, G. (2019). The interplay of friends and parents in adolescents’ daily lives: Towards a dynamic view of social support. Social Development, 28(3), 708-724.
  • Soylu, Y., Sağkal, A. S., & Özdemir, Y. (2019). Ergenler İçin Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Ölçeği: Türkçe uzun ve kısa formun psikometrik özellikleri. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 20(1), 322-334.
  • Steinmayr, R., & Spinath, B. (2009). The importance of motivation as a predictor of school achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 19(1), 80-90.
  • Steinvoord, K., & Junge, A. (2019). Does an association exist between socio-economic status and subjective physical, mental and social well-being among early adolescents? International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 34(1), 20190090.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (Vol. 6). pearson Boston, MA.
  • Tartari, E. (2015). Benefits and risks of children and adolescents using social media. European Scientific Journal, 11(13).
  • Tomé, G., de Matos, M. G., Camacho, I., Simões, C., & Diniz, J. A. (2014). Friendships quality and classmates support: How to influence the well-being of adolescents. Higher Education of Social Science, 7(2), 149-160.
  • Ungar, M. (2004). The importance of parents and other caregivers to the resilience of high‐risk adolescents. Family Process, 43(1), 23-41.
  • Wentzel, K. R., Barry, C. M., & Caldwell, K. A. (2004). Friendships in middle school: Influences on motivation and school adjustment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(2), 195.
  • Wise, I. (2018). Adolescence. Routledge.
  • Yasar, O. M., & Turgut, M. (2020). Mental toughness of elite judo athletes. Acta Med, 36(2), 995-998.

Ergenlerin Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 15 - 27, 25.06.2024

Didem Aslanyürek , Haktan Demircioğlu

https://doi.org/10.47479/ihead.1397390

Abstract

Bu araştırma kapsamında ergenlerin zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeline göre tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu, “Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı Sosyo-Ekonomik Gelişmişlik Sıralaması (SEGE) 2022 Raporu” kapsamında, Ankara ilinin sosyo-ekonomik düzeyi daha az gelişmiş üç ilçesinde eğitim ve öğretimine devam eden 11-16 yaş aralığındaki 1639 ergen (828 kız, 811 erkek) oluşturmuştur. Veriler, bağımsız değişkenleri içeren “Demografik Bilgi Formu” ve “Ergenler İçin Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Ölçeği-Kısa Form” aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, ergenlerin zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin cinsiyetlerine, yaşlarına, akademik başarı düzeylerine, aile gelir düzeylerine, kendilerine ait odaları olup olmamasına, anne, baba, kardeş ve okul arkadaşları ile ilişkilerine, ebeveynleri tarafından izin verilmeyen davranışlarda bulunma durumlarına, anne, baba baskın yaklaşımlarına ve sosyal medya kullanım sürelerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı bulunmuştur. Bulgular, mevcut alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçların ergenlerin zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeyleri ile ilişkili olan değişkenlerin anlaşılmasının yanı sıra zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerini arttırmaya yönelik yapılacak çalışmalara ve politikalara ışık tutması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

ergenlik gelişim zihinsel dayanıklılık

References

  • Ankara İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü. (Erişim Tarihi: 12 Aralık 2022). Eğitim İstatistikleri. https://ankara.meb.gov.tr/www/egitim-istatistikleri/icerik/24
  • Bi, X., Yang, Y., Li, H., Wang, M., Zhang, W., & Deater-Deckard, K. (2018). Parenting styles and parent–adolescent relationships: The mediating roles of behavioral autonomy and parental authority. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2187.
  • Bøe, T., Petrie, K. J., Sivertsen, B., & Hysing, M. (2019). Interplay of subjective and objective economic well-being on the mental health of Norwegian adolescents. SSM-Population Health, 9, 100471.
  • Branje, S. (2018). Development of parent–adolescent relationships: Conflict interactions as a mechanism of change. Child Development Perspectives, 12(3), 171-176.
  • Branje, S. J., Hale, W. W., Frijns, T., & Meeus, W. H. (2010). Longitudinal associations between perceived parent-child relationship quality and depressive symptoms in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 751-763.
  • Brunborg, G. S., & Andreas, J. B. (2019). Increase in time spent on social media is associated with modest increase in depression, conduct problems, and episodic heavy drinking. Journal of Adolescence, 74, 201-209.
  • Bumpus, M. F., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2001). Parental autonomy granting during adolescence: exploring gender differences in context. Developmental Psychology, 37(2), 163.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2022). Eğitimde Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri (Vol. 32.baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  • Chetri, S. (2014). Achievement motivation of adolescents and its relationship with academic achievement. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 3(6), 8-15.
  • Clough, P., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: The concept and its measurement. Solutions in Sport Psychology, 1, 32-45.
  • Clough, P., & Strycharczyk, D. (2012). Developing mental toughness: Improving performance, wellbeing and positive behaviour in others. Kogan Page Publishers.
  • Coleman, J. C. (2011). The nature of adolescence. Routledge.
  • Compas, B. E. (2004). Processes of risk and resilience during adolescence: Linking contexts and individuals. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, 263-296.
  • Compas, B. E., & Wagner, B. M. (2017). Psychosocial stress during adolescence: Intrapersonal and interpersonal processes. In Adolescent stress (pp. 67-86). Routledge.
  • Connaughton, D., Hanton, S., Jones, G., & Wadey, R. (2008). Mental toughness research: Key issues in this area. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 39(3), 192-204.
  • Feinberg, M. E., Solmeyer, A. R., & McHale, S. M. (2012). The third rail of family systems: Sibling relationships, mental and behavioral health, and preventive intervention in childhood and adolescence. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 15, 43-57.
  • George, D. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 Update-Darren George, Paul Mallery. In: Google Books, Allyn & Bacon.
  • Gerber, M., Brand, S., Feldmeth, A. K., Lang, C., Elliot, C., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., & Pühse, U. (2013). Adolescents with high mental toughness adapt better to perceived stress: A longitudinal study with Swiss vocational students. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(7), 808-814.
  • Kramer, L., Conger, K. J., Rogers, C. R., & Ravindran, N. (2019). Siblings.
  • Lincoln, S. (2014). “I’ve Stamped My Personality All Over It” The Meaning of Objects in Teenage Bedroom Space. Space and Culture, 17(3), 266-279.
  • Lincoln, S. (2015). ‘My Bedroom is me’: Young people, private space, consumption and the family home. Intimacies, Critical Consumption and Diverse Economies, 87-106.
  • Liu, M., Kamper-DeMarco, K. E., Zhang, J., Xiao, J., Dong, D., & Xue, P. (2022). Time Spent on Social Media and Risk of Depression in Adolescents: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5164.
  • McGeown, S., St. Clair-Thompson, H., & Putwain, D. W. (2018). The development and validation of a mental toughness scale for adolescents. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 36(2), 148-161.
  • McGeown, S. P., St Clair-Thompson, H., & Clough, P. (2016). The study of non-cognitive attributes in education: Proposing the mental toughness framework. Educational Review, 68(1), 96-113.
  • McHale, S. M., Updegraff, K. A., & Whiteman, S. D. (2012). Sibling relationships and influences in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74(5), 913-930.
  • Newman, B. M., Newman, P. R., Griffen, S., O'Connor, K., & Spas, J. (2007). The relationship of social support to depressive symptoms during the transition to high school. Adolescence, 42(167).
  • Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C., Levy, A. R., & Backhouse, S. H. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(1), 73-75.
  • Oliva, A., & Arranz, E. (2005). Sibling relationships during adolescence. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2(3), 253-270.
  • Reid, D., & Weigle, P. (2014). Social media use among adolescents: Benefits and risks. Adolescent Psychiatry, 4(2), 73-80.
  • Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı. (Erişim tarihi: 12 Aralık 2022). İlçelerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Gelişmişlik Sıralaması (SEGE). https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/assets/pdf/birimler/2022-ilce-sege.pdf
  • Sari, T., & Ozkan, I. (2016). An investigation of the relationship between adolescents’ subjective well-being and perceived parental attitudes. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 29(2), 155.
  • Sawyer, S. M., Azzopardi, P. S., Wickremarathne, D., & Patton, G. C. (2018). The age of adolescence. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 2(3), 223-228.
  • Schacter, H. L., & Margolin, G. (2019). The interplay of friends and parents in adolescents’ daily lives: Towards a dynamic view of social support. Social Development, 28(3), 708-724.
  • Soylu, Y., Sağkal, A. S., & Özdemir, Y. (2019). Ergenler İçin Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Ölçeği: Türkçe uzun ve kısa formun psikometrik özellikleri. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 20(1), 322-334.
  • Steinmayr, R., & Spinath, B. (2009). The importance of motivation as a predictor of school achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 19(1), 80-90.
  • Steinvoord, K., & Junge, A. (2019). Does an association exist between socio-economic status and subjective physical, mental and social well-being among early adolescents? International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 34(1), 20190090.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (Vol. 6). pearson Boston, MA.
  • Tartari, E. (2015). Benefits and risks of children and adolescents using social media. European Scientific Journal, 11(13).
  • Tomé, G., de Matos, M. G., Camacho, I., Simões, C., & Diniz, J. A. (2014). Friendships quality and classmates support: How to influence the well-being of adolescents. Higher Education of Social Science, 7(2), 149-160.
  • Ungar, M. (2004). The importance of parents and other caregivers to the resilience of high‐risk adolescents. Family Process, 43(1), 23-41.
  • Wentzel, K. R., Barry, C. M., & Caldwell, K. A. (2004). Friendships in middle school: Influences on motivation and school adjustment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(2), 195.
  • Wise, I. (2018). Adolescence. Routledge.
  • Yasar, O. M., & Turgut, M. (2020). Mental toughness of elite judo athletes. Acta Med, 36(2), 995-998.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Child Development Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Didem Aslanyürek 0000-0002-1249-148X

Haktan Demircioğlu 0000-0002-5092-1698

Early Pub Date June 18, 2024
Publication Date June 25, 2024
Submission Date November 28, 2023
Acceptance Date May 14, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aslanyürek, D., & Demircioğlu, H. (2024). Ergenlerin Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Ihlara Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.47479/ihead.1397390
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Dear Colleagues,
We are very pleased to announce that the latest issue of IHEAD (Vol. 10- Iss. 1) has been released. We kindly want to express our speacial thanks to the editorial board members, reviewers, and authors for their invaluable contribution to this issue. Also, we are delighted to announce that the next issue (Vol. 10- Iss. 2) of the IHEAD will be available online in December, 2025. As of January, 2024, IHEAD has been accepting submissions in English along with Turkish. Handling your papers within the scope education for the next issue will be a great pleasure for us. Many thanks in advance for your contributions.
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