Çoklu Yetersizlik Bağlamında Görme Bozukluğu ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu: Literatür Taraması ve Uygulamalara Yansımalar

Şifa Bal; Hülya Öcal

doi:10.47479/ihead.1771964

TR EN

Çoklu Yetersizlik Bağlamında Görme Bozukluğu ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu: Literatür Taraması ve Uygulamalara Yansımalar

Abstract

Bu çalışma, görme bozukluğu (GB) ve otizm spektrum bozukluğunun (OSB) birlikte görülmesine ilişkin alan yazını incelemektedir. Çalışmada GB–OSB’nin yaygınlığı, tanılama ve erken tarama süreçleri, yalnızca OSB ya da yalnızca GB tanılı çocukların ortak özellikleri ve GB–OSB olan çocuklara yönelik eğitsel müdahaleler ele alınmıştır. Literatür taraması sonucunda, GB tanısı konmuş çocuklarda OSB sıklığının dikkate değer oranlarda görüldüğü ve özellikle prematüre retinopatisi, optik sinir hipoplazisi ve doğuştan körlük gibi bazı görme bozukluğu türlerinde riskin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmalar, GB ve OSB’li çocukların sosyal iletişim, ortak dikkat, dil ve pragmatik becerilerde benzer güçlükler yaşadığını; oyun davranışlarında sınırlılıklar ve stereotipik hareketlerde örtüşmeler bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu belirtilerin yanlış tanıya yol açma riski taşıdığı ve GB ile ilişkili davranışların OSB’den ayırt edilmesinin güçlüğü vurgulanmaktadır. Mevcut tarama ve değerlendirme araçlarının büyük ölçüde görsel temelli olması, tanılama sürecini zorlaştırmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, GB–OSB olan çocuklara yönelik müdahale programlarının henüz sınırlı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Buna karşılık, yalnızca OSB ya da yalnızca GB için etkili programların mevcut olduğu görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, multidisipliner yaklaşımların geliştirilmesi, öğretmenler ve profesyoneller için özel eğitim programlarının hazırlanması ve mesleki farkındalığın artırılması önerilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, GB–OSB ilişkisine dair daha fazla araştırmaya ve bilimsel dayanaklı müdahale programlarına ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

Visual Impairment and Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Context of Multiple Disabilities: A Literature Review and Implications for Practice

Abstract

This study reviews the literature on the co-occurrence of visual impairment (VI) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study examines the prevalence of VI-ASD co-occurrence, diagnostic and early screening processes, shared characteristics of children diagnosed solely with ASD or solely with VI, and educational interventions for children with co-occurring VI–ASD. The literature review found that ASD is observed at notably high rates among children diagnosed with VI, with particularly elevated risk in certain types of visual impairment such as retinopathy of prematurity, optic nerve hypoplasia, and congenital blindness. Research indicates that children with VI and ASD experience similar difficulties in social communication, joint attention, language, and pragmatic skills, and that there are overlaps in play behaviors and stereotyped movements. However, it is emphasized that these symptoms carry a risk of misdiagnosis and that differentiating behaviors associated with VI from those indicative of ASD is challenging. The fact that most available screening and assessment tools are largely visually based complicates the diagnostic process. The findings reveal that intervention programs for children with VI–ASD remain limited. In contrast, evidence-based programs for either ASD alone or VI alone are available. In this context, the development of multidisciplinary approaches, the implementation of specialized training programs for teachers and professionals, and the enhancement of professional awareness are recommended. In conclusion, further research on the VI–ASD relationship and evidence-based intervention programs are needed.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Multi Disabled Education, Sight Disabled Education, Autism and Spectrum Disorder Education

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Şifa Bal ^*
0000-0003-4534-5339
Türkiye

Hülya Öcal
0000-0002-5512-7135
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 25, 2026

Submission Date

September 19, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 18, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 11 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47479/ihead.1771964

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA86AS36MW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Bal, Ş., & Öcal, H. (2026). Çoklu Yetersizlik Bağlamında Görme Bozukluğu ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu: Literatür Taraması ve Uygulamalara Yansımalar. Ihlara Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), 32-46. https://doi.org/10.47479/ihead.1771964

AMA

1.Bal Ş, Öcal H. Çoklu Yetersizlik Bağlamında Görme Bozukluğu ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu: Literatür Taraması ve Uygulamalara Yansımalar. IHEAD. 2026;11(1):32-46. doi:10.47479/ihead.1771964

Chicago

Bal, Şifa, and Hülya Öcal. 2026. “Çoklu Yetersizlik Bağlamında Görme Bozukluğu Ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu: Literatür Taraması Ve Uygulamalara Yansımalar”. Ihlara Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 (1): 32-46. https://doi.org/10.47479/ihead.1771964.

EndNote

Bal Ş, Öcal H (June 1, 2026) Çoklu Yetersizlik Bağlamında Görme Bozukluğu ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu: Literatür Taraması ve Uygulamalara Yansımalar. Ihlara Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 1 32–46.

IEEE

[1]Ş. Bal and H. Öcal, “Çoklu Yetersizlik Bağlamında Görme Bozukluğu ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu: Literatür Taraması ve Uygulamalara Yansımalar”, IHEAD, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 32–46, June 2026, doi: 10.47479/ihead.1771964.

ISNAD

Bal, Şifa - Öcal, Hülya. “Çoklu Yetersizlik Bağlamında Görme Bozukluğu Ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu: Literatür Taraması Ve Uygulamalara Yansımalar”. Ihlara Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi 11/1 (June 1, 2026): 32-46. https://doi.org/10.47479/ihead.1771964.

JAMA

1.Bal Ş, Öcal H. Çoklu Yetersizlik Bağlamında Görme Bozukluğu ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu: Literatür Taraması ve Uygulamalara Yansımalar. IHEAD. 2026;11:32–46.

MLA

Bal, Şifa, and Hülya Öcal. “Çoklu Yetersizlik Bağlamında Görme Bozukluğu Ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu: Literatür Taraması Ve Uygulamalara Yansımalar”. Ihlara Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 32-46, doi:10.47479/ihead.1771964.

Vancouver

1.Şifa Bal, Hülya Öcal. Çoklu Yetersizlik Bağlamında Görme Bozukluğu ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu: Literatür Taraması ve Uygulamalara Yansımalar. IHEAD. 2026 Jun. 1;11(1):32-46. doi:10.47479/ihead.1771964